EIGE

Human resources in science and technology (HRST) ta_wrklab_lab_employ_selected_kwnd__tsc00025

Time format:
Years
Unit:
% of labour force (comparable)
Description:
Human resources in science and technology (HRST) as a share of the economically active population in the age group 25-64. This indicator gives the percentage of the total labour force in the age group 25-64, that is classified as HRST, i.e. having either successfully completed an education at the third level in an S field of study or is employed in an occupation where such an education is normally required. HRST are measured mainly using the concepts and definitions laid down in the Canberra Manual, OECD, Paris, 1995.
BA
TR
RO
MK
SK
PT
IT
EL
RS
CZ
HR
ME
HU
BG
ES
EU27_2020
MT
AT
DE
PL
FR
CH
CY
LV
SI
BE
NL
LT
EE
UK
DK
LU
IE
SE
FI
NO
IS
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
BA
39.6
39.1
37.9(b)
TR
41.1
39.5
39.6(b)
38.7
34.9
33.1
32.5
31.8
30.3
28.7(b)
26.8
26.5(b)
RO
39.4
40.7
39.6(b)
35.7
35.2
35.1
34.7
34.2
33.6
31.3(b)
30.8
30.7
MK
44.9
40.6
41.5
41.1
40.7
37
34.1(b)
32.9
34.1
SK
49.1
49.6
49.3(b)
46.3
44
42.8
41
39.9
38.8
38.7(b)
38.3
39.8
PT
45.3
46.1
46.2(b)
44
42
41.8
40.7
40.1
38.9
36.9(b)
33.7
31.7
IT
44.2
42.8
42.7(b)
43.6
42.6
42.3(b)
41.7
40.3
40.1
39.4(b)
39.1
39.6
EL
49.6
49.7
48.6(b)
46.9
44.9
44.4
44
42.9
40.8
40(b)
39.6
39
RS
47.6
46
45.2(b)
42.9
42.6
42.2
41.5
40.9
41.1
39.9(b)
37.1
26.9
CZ
47.3
45.3
45.3(b)
43.5
42.3
42.7
42.4
41.6
41.2
40.9(b)
39.6
39.2
HR
49.3
46.1
45.7(b)
46.6
46.5(b)
45.3
43.2
43
41.3
39.7(b)
39
34.8
ME
46.9
46.6
45
45.7
44.6
42.8
44.9(b)
41.9
40.2
HU
50.8
50.1
49.7(b)
47.5
46.2
45.2
44
44.3
44.4
44.1(b)
43.6
43.2
BG
46.6
45.7
46.3(b)
45.6
43.9(b)
44.7
44.4
45.2
44.5
43.3(b)
41.6
40
ES
53.7(d)
53.1(d)
52.5(bd)
52.1
50.5
49
48
47.3
46.6
45.5(b)
44.6
43.8
EU27_2020
55.5
54.6
54.1(b)
52.9
51.8
50.8
49.8
48.9
48.1
47.1(b)
46.2
45.4
MT
55.5
54.1
54.6(b)
51.4
52
52.3
47.6
46.4
48.2
44.9(b)
45.8
43.7
AT
56.3
55
54.1(b)
53.8
52.3
51.2
51.2
49.7
48.6
49(b)
42.5
40
DE
55.7
54.5
54.5(b)
52.9(b)
53.4
52.2
51.4
50.8
50
49.2(b)
48.8
48.3(b)
PL
61.1
58
58.1(b)
57.8
57.1(b)
55.6
54.2
52.9
51.5
50(b)
48.5
46.9
FR
61.1(d)
60(d)
59.1(bd)
57.4
55.6
54.1
52.6
52.1
51.7
50.4(b)
49.5(b)
48.5
CH
59.4
57.7
58(b)
58.7
58.1
57.1
55.5
53.9
52.9
51.6(b)
50.5
48.3
CY
61.9(b)
60
60(b)
59.6
58.8
56.9
56
55.4
53.1
52.9(b)
50.9
51.2
LV
58.8
60.1
60(b)
57
56.6
55
54.5
53.7
53.1
50.5(b)
50
48.8
SI
58.9(b)
64.9
64.9(b)
59.1
56.4
55.7
56.6
55.8
53.7
51.5(b)
51.9
51.4
BE
64.4
64.8
64.4(b)
62.2
59.7
59.3
59.2(b)
56.1
54.9
55.3(b)
53.9
54.1
NL
66.2
66
64.3(b)
63.2
61.1(b)
59.3
57.8
56.5
55.3
54.4(b)
54(b)
52.5
LT
65.4
64.3
62.4(b)
61
60.5
59.5
58.6
58.5
57
54.9(b)
54.6
52.8
EE
64.3
65.4
65(b)
63.5
61.8
60.9
59.9
58.7
58.6
58.9(b)
58.4
58.6
UK
62.5
60.9
60.1
59.9
58.6
57.9(b)
57.3
55.9
DK
66.1(b)
65.8
65.3(b)
63.9
63
62.7
62.1(b)
60.1(b)
59.2
58.2(b)
58.6
58.3
LU
69.9
72
70.4(b)
67.1
65.7
63.7
60.3
61.1
61.2(b)
66.3(b)
63.5
60
IE
69.7
69.8
69.3(b)
67.4
64.6
63.5
62.9(b)
61.9
61.4
59.9(b)
59.5
58.8
SE
70.8
70.6
68.6(b)
67.4
66.7
65.8(b)
63.8
63.6
61.9
60.5(b)
59
57.7
FI
64.2
63.4
64.1(b)
67.8
65.8
64.8
64.1
62.6
62.1
60.6(b)
59.7
58.9
NO
68.3
68.2
67.8(b)
66.5
64.9
64.5
64.5
64.1
64.1
62.8(b)
60.7
59.7
IS
71.4
71.6
69.2(b)
67.2(b)
69.2
71.5
68.1
67.3
66.2
64.1(b)
63.4
61

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable