EIGE

Human resources in science and technology (HRST) ta_wrklab_lab_employ_selected_kwnd__tsc00025

Time format:
Years
Unit:
% of labour force (comparable)
Description:
Human resources in science and technology (HRST) as a share of the economically active population in the age group 25-64. This indicator gives the percentage of the total labour force in the age group 25-64, that is classified as HRST, i.e. having either successfully completed an education at the third level in an S field of study or is employed in an occupation where such an education is normally required. HRST are measured mainly using the concepts and definitions laid down in the Canberra Manual, OECD, Paris, 1995.
EU27_2020
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
IS
NO
CH
UK
ME
MK
RS
TR
BA
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
EU27_2020
55.5
54.6
54.1(b)
52.9
51.8
50.8
49.8
48.9
48.1
47.1(b)
46.2
45.4
BE
64.4
64.8
64.4(b)
62.2
59.7
59.3
59.2(b)
56.1
54.9
55.3(b)
53.9
54.1
BG
46.6
45.7
46.3(b)
45.6
43.9(b)
44.7
44.4
45.2
44.5
43.3(b)
41.6
40
CZ
47.3
45.3
45.3(b)
43.5
42.3
42.7
42.4
41.6
41.2
40.9(b)
39.6
39.2
DK
66.1(b)
65.8
65.3(b)
63.9
63
62.7
62.1(b)
60.1(b)
59.2
58.2(b)
58.6
58.3
DE
55.7
54.5
54.5(b)
52.9(b)
53.4
52.2
51.4
50.8
50
49.2(b)
48.8
48.3(b)
EE
64.3
65.4
65(b)
63.5
61.8
60.9
59.9
58.7
58.6
58.9(b)
58.4
58.6
IE
69.7
69.8
69.3(b)
67.4
64.6
63.5
62.9(b)
61.9
61.4
59.9(b)
59.5
58.8
EL
49.6
49.7
48.6(b)
46.9
44.9
44.4
44
42.9
40.8
40(b)
39.6
39
ES
53.7(d)
53.1(d)
52.5(bd)
52.1
50.5
49
48
47.3
46.6
45.5(b)
44.6
43.8
FR
61.1(d)
60(d)
59.1(bd)
57.4
55.6
54.1
52.6
52.1
51.7
50.4(b)
49.5(b)
48.5
HR
49.3
46.1
45.7(b)
46.6
46.5(b)
45.3
43.2
43
41.3
39.7(b)
39
34.8
IT
44.2
42.8
42.7(b)
43.6
42.6
42.3(b)
41.7
40.3
40.1
39.4(b)
39.1
39.6
CY
61.9(b)
60
60(b)
59.6
58.8
56.9
56
55.4
53.1
52.9(b)
50.9
51.2
LV
58.8
60.1
60(b)
57
56.6
55
54.5
53.7
53.1
50.5(b)
50
48.8
LT
65.4
64.3
62.4(b)
61
60.5
59.5
58.6
58.5
57
54.9(b)
54.6
52.8
LU
69.9
72
70.4(b)
67.1
65.7
63.7
60.3
61.1
61.2(b)
66.3(b)
63.5
60
HU
50.8
50.1
49.7(b)
47.5
46.2
45.2
44
44.3
44.4
44.1(b)
43.6
43.2
MT
55.5
54.1
54.6(b)
51.4
52
52.3
47.6
46.4
48.2
44.9(b)
45.8
43.7
NL
66.2
66
64.3(b)
63.2
61.1(b)
59.3
57.8
56.5
55.3
54.4(b)
54(b)
52.5
AT
56.3
55
54.1(b)
53.8
52.3
51.2
51.2
49.7
48.6
49(b)
42.5
40
PL
61.1
58
58.1(b)
57.8
57.1(b)
55.6
54.2
52.9
51.5
50(b)
48.5
46.9
PT
45.3
46.1
46.2(b)
44
42
41.8
40.7
40.1
38.9
36.9(b)
33.7
31.7
RO
39.4
40.7
39.6(b)
35.7
35.2
35.1
34.7
34.2
33.6
31.3(b)
30.8
30.7
SI
58.9(b)
64.9
64.9(b)
59.1
56.4
55.7
56.6
55.8
53.7
51.5(b)
51.9
51.4
SK
49.1
49.6
49.3(b)
46.3
44
42.8
41
39.9
38.8
38.7(b)
38.3
39.8
FI
64.2
63.4
64.1(b)
67.8
65.8
64.8
64.1
62.6
62.1
60.6(b)
59.7
58.9
SE
70.8
70.6
68.6(b)
67.4
66.7
65.8(b)
63.8
63.6
61.9
60.5(b)
59
57.7
IS
71.4
71.6
69.2(b)
67.2(b)
69.2
71.5
68.1
67.3
66.2
64.1(b)
63.4
61
NO
68.3
68.2
67.8(b)
66.5
64.9
64.5
64.5
64.1
64.1
62.8(b)
60.7
59.7
CH
59.4
57.7
58(b)
58.7
58.1
57.1
55.5
53.9
52.9
51.6(b)
50.5
48.3
UK
62.5
60.9
60.1
59.9
58.6
57.9(b)
57.3
55.9
ME
46.9
46.6
45
45.7
44.6
42.8
44.9(b)
41.9
40.2
MK
44.9
40.6
41.5
41.1
40.7
37
34.1(b)
32.9
34.1
RS
47.6
46
45.2(b)
42.9
42.6
42.2
41.5
40.9
41.1
39.9(b)
37.1
26.9
TR
41.1
39.5
39.6(b)
38.7
34.9
33.1
32.5
31.8
30.3
28.7(b)
26.8
26.5(b)
BA
39.6
39.1
37.9(b)

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable