EIGE

Over-qualification rates by citizenship ta_eductrain_skills_over__lfsa_eoqgan

Time format:
Years
Unit:
Percentage (comparable)
Keywords:
education, overqualification, skills, training
BA
LU
HR
SI
PT
HU
IS
PL
DK
CZ
NO
ME
SE
RO
LT
RS
MK
SK
NL
LV
AT
BG
EL
TR
EU27_2020
DE
FR
IT
MT
CH
FI
BE
UK
IE
EE
CY
ES
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
BA
15.5
16.3
18.4(b)
LU
6.2(u)
7.5
5.8(b)
3.7
4.4
5.1
4.9
4
4.2(b)
5.2(b)
6.1
6.1
5.5
5.4
3.2(bu)
7
3.8(bu)
4.3(u)
5.1(bu)
(u)
(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
8.4(u)
8(u)
(u)
HR
11.7(b)
13.5
11.9(b)
12.3
13.9
12.9
11.4
10.6
11.5
8.8(b)
7.7(u)
9.9
12.9
12.4(b)
8.2
8.5(u)
10.6
11.5(bu)
11.5(bu)
10.7(u)
10.1(bu)
11.7(u)
SI
17.7(b)
17.1
15.9(b)
12.4
12.3
12
10
10
10
8(b)
8.2
7.3
5.4
5.9
4.5(u)
4.9
4.7(u)
4.7(u)
4.4(bu)
6.8(u)
6.5(u)
6.8(u)
3.9(u)
5.5(u)
4.1(u)
5(bu)
4.3(u)
4.6(u)
PT
15.6
13.3
12.7(b)
12.4
13.2
10.8
11.5
10.7
10.8
10.6(b)
8.7
9.4
9.8(b)
11
11.4
10.1
9.4
8
7.4(b)
7.4(b)
7.9
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(bu)
4.6
6.1
5.7
HU
15.7
13.8
12.1(b)
13.1
14.2
12.6
10.4
10.2
11.2
10.2(b)
9.7
10.1
9.6
10.1
9.3
8.5
7.7
7.6
8.3(b)
7.7
7.6
7
9(b)
6.5
8.5
7.5(b)
8.1
IS
12.2
10.7
10.3(b)
11(b)
10.9
11.6
9.6
10
10.4
10.4(b)
9.8
8.4
8.5
6.3
7.9
6.6
9.7
11.7
11.9(b)
10.7
12.8(b)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
PL
17.2
16.4
15(b)
14.3
13.9(b)
13.9
13
12.3
10.9
10.2(b)
9.8
9.6
9.9
9.3(b)
8.4
9.5
7.9
6.6
5.9(b)
6.5(b)
5.8(b)
4.6
4.9(b)
3.7(b)
5.3
5.7(b)
10
DK
13(b)
13.9
12.8(b)
12
12.5
12.8
13(b)
12(b)
11.9
11.2(b)
10.5
10.4
10.7
10.3
11
11.2(b)
12.8(b)
11.6
11.6(b)
12.1
12.7(b)
10.3
11.9
11.4
10.4
11.2(b)
9.3
12.3
11.9
CZ
14.5
14.3
14.7(b)
14.7
16.1
14.2
14.7
13.8
12.9
12(b)
10.9
9.9
11.3(b)
6.1
5.8
5.6
4.9
4.1
4.1(b)
4.2
4.6(b)
6.1
6.7
5.3
5.3
5.2(b)
NO
14.4
13.5
12.4(b)
13.1
12.7
10.9
9.5
9.9
9
9.6(b)
10.9(u)
11.2(u)
11.1(u)
9.3
9.3
9.5
10.8
11.3(b)
11.1(b)
12.4
12.8(b)
14.9
14.2
13.2
13.6
12.9(b)
12.9
13.5
ME
15.7
11.3
8.5
7.4(u)
9.3
13.3
13.2(b)
12.2
15.5
13.8
SE
12
11.8
11.5(b)
11.8
12.6
12.8(b)
12.9
12.1
12.7
12.4(b)
12.3
12.5
12.1
12.2
12.4
11.6
10.6
10.3(b)
10(b)
9.5
9.4
9.6
9.8(b)
12.1
10.6
10.7(b)
10.2
(u)
(u)
RO
14.7
14.9
13.6(b)
13.7
13.2
13.1
12.4
12.6
13.6
13.2(b)
12.6
9.8
8.9
8.4(b)
8.7
6.9
7.1
6.6
6.6(b)
6.8
5.1(bu)
5.7(b)
7.8
6.9
5.4(u)
4.8(bu)
10.4
LT
19.3
19.2
20.2(b)
19.7
19.4
18.2
18.6
17.7
17.8
13.7(b)
13.4
12.4
12
13.1
15
14.7
15.4
16.5
15.1(b)
14.7(u)
13.1(u)
12.4(bu)
14.4
35.9(b)
36.5
35.5(b)
RS
22.6(b)
22.4
23.1(b)
22.4
23.1
20.4
20.5
17.8
17.1
15.8(b)
13.5
(u)
(u)
10.1
MK
19.9
19.5
18.1
16.3
15.9
18.3
15.6(b)
13.7
16.9
16.8
16.2
15
13.3
15.8
13.9
SK
22.2
23.4
22.1(b)
20.7
19.6
21.3
19.5
16.7
17.1
14.5(b)
15.2
13.2
11.5(b)
7.8
6.8
6.9
6.3
5.1
6.2(b)
5.7
3.2(bu)
(u)
4.6(u)
5.2(u)
3.9(bu)
5.2(bu)
NL
15.2
15.5
16.5(b)
16.8
16.8(b)
16.9
16.6
15.4
16.5
16(b)
15.4(b)
16.8
16.2
15.1
14.9
14.6
13.6
14(b)
14.5(b)
13.6
11.8
12
12.2
13.4
11.5
12(b)
14
14
LV
18.2
17.8
16.2(b)
14.9
17.3
17.8
15.3
13.7
15
16.3(b)
15.7
15.7
16.1
16
16.6
16.1
12.4
16.8
19.3(b)
20.1
21.4
15(b)
(u)
16
16
18(b)
AT
25.4
27.7
26.8(b)
26.5
27.1
27.2
27.9
28
26.4
25.3(b)
17.1
18.6
17.9
17.4
17.8
18.9
18.6(b)
18.3(b)
16.3(b)
20.7(b)
13.2
15.7
11.6
14.3
13.9
8.3(bu)
(u)
9(u)
8.7(u)
BG
18.4
18(b)
17(b)
17.5
19.3
19.6
19.1
17.1
17.1
17.5(b)
17.2
17.4
16.6(b)
15.3(b)
16.1
14.7(b)
15
15.6(b)
13(b)
14
12.2(b)
12.1
11.8(b)
10
EL
27.2
28.7
27.7(b)
24.8
26.4
24.8
25.3
23.4
22.8
20.9(b)
18.1
18
18
15.2
16.5(b)
16.3
15.7
16.8
15.5(b)
14.2(b)
13.9
14.2
14.1(b)
14.9
13.2
11.1(b)
13.8
11.1
12
TR
25.3
24.3
23.5(b)
22.9
23.2
21.8
21.1
21.6
21.4
20.8(b)
18.8
19.3
21
18.3
17
16.2
17.3
15.8
EU27_2020
22
22
21.3(b)
21
21.1
21.3
21.1
20.5
20.5
20.2(b)
19.5
19.2
18.5
17.7
17.7
17.2
16.8
16.5
16.2(b)
15.7
15.4
15.1
DE
20.6
21.4
21.3(b)
21.4(b)
19.4
19.8
20.4
20.2
19.6
20.5(b)
19.6
19.3(b)
16.6(b)
19.1(b)
19.6
19.3
18.1
19.3(b)
19.2(b)
19.6
18.9
20
19.1
19.3
19.4
19.1
18.7(b)
18.1
FR
20.9(d)
20.5(d)
19.5(bd)
20.5
21.1
21.7
21.1
20.7
21.6
21.5(b)
19.8(b)
18.7
18.1
18.4
18.9
18.2
18.1
16.7(b)
15.7(b)
14.7
13.7(b)
13.9
13.5
13.6
11.9
12.6(b)
10.9
10.8
10.9
IT
24
24.3
22.6(b)
20.8
20.3
20.7(b)
20.7
20.1
20.5
19.6(b)
20
20.1
19.7
15.9
14.4
13.1
12
11.8
11.3(b)
8.9(b)
12.6
12.7
12.1
11.3
9
10(b)
9.9
10.9
10.4
MT
29.1
28.9
26.4(b)
21.2
18.7
27.7
28.8
17.9
18.4
17.6(b)
20.3
16
16.4(b)
6.9(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(bu)
(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
CH
19.5
18.8
19(b)
20.2
20.2
21.6
21.5
21.6
21.8
21.6(b)
20.4
20.1
20.7
18.2(b)
18.8
18.4
17
17.6
18.1(b)
17.3
18.8
19.6
20.7
21.7
21.5
24(b)
23.2
21.4
FI
18.1
19.5
19.5(b)
18.2
19.4
21.3
21.3
20.8
20.8
21.7(b)
22.2
22.9
23.4
20.4
21.8
21.5(b)
21.5(b)
21.6
21.6(b)
23.8
23.8
23.6
21.2
22.5(b)
22.2
24.7(b)
7.4
(u)
(u)
BE
23.7
23.9
23.5(b)
21.4
21.1
21.9
21.9(b)
21
21
20.9(b)
22.6
23.4
24.5(b)
24.3
24.6
25.2(b)
24.1
23.9
24.2(b)
23.8
25.9
24.4
20.3(b)
20.5
18.9(b)
20.2(b)
18.9
19.3
18.8
UK
25.4
24.9
24.7
24.6
24.6
24.2(b)
23.4
22
21.3(b)
24.8(b)
24.3
23.9(b)
24.2(b)
22.5
22.5(b)
23.7(b)
22.4
21.9
22.3
18.5
17(b)
16.7
16.5
15.7
IE
27.8
27.7
28.9(b)
29.6
28.9
27.5
27.4(b)
25.9
24.6
24.7(b)
26.2
24.5
24.8
23.1
22.6
23.1
22.3(b)
23.3
22.2(b)
19.7
18
18.6
18
16.9
15.8
22.2
20.6
19.5
EE
22
22.1
22.5(b)
25.3
25
23.1
24.2
25.9
28.6
26.9(b)
27.9
26.3
23.4
24.9
25.3
27.9
28.2
27.5
27.2(b)
27.1
25.4
25.6
25.1
23.1(b)
27.5
26(b)
29.8
CY
31.8
35.1
33.2(b)
34.2
35.6
33.9
33.9
36.4
32
31(b)
33.6
35.8
34.7
35.7
36.4(b)
33.4
33.2
36.5
35(b)
32.4
30.7
28.4
27
27.7
23.2
ES
37.4(d)
37.1(d)
36.3(bd)
35.3
36.7
37.4
36.7
36.2
36.5
35.8(b)
34.9
34.2
33.9
28.9
28.6
27.6
28.4
27.4(b)
28(b)
26.1
26.1
23.9
22.7(b)
20.8
20.9
17.4(b)
18.5
18.4
18.1

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable