EIGE

Over-qualification rates by citizenship ta_eductrain_skills_over__lfsa_eoqgan

Time format:
Years
Unit:
Percentage (comparable)
Keywords:
education, overqualification, skills, training
EU27_2020
BE
BG
CZ
DK
DE
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
HR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
IS
NO
CH
UK
ME
MK
RS
TR
BA
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
EU27_2020
22
22
21.3(b)
21
21.1
21.3
21.1
20.5
20.5
20.2(b)
19.5
19.2
18.5
17.7
17.7
17.2
16.8
16.5
16.2(b)
15.7
15.4
15.1
BE
23.7
23.9
23.5(b)
21.4
21.1
21.9
21.9(b)
21
21
20.9(b)
22.6
23.4
24.5(b)
24.3
24.6
25.2(b)
24.1
23.9
24.2(b)
23.8
25.9
24.4
20.3(b)
20.5
18.9(b)
20.2(b)
18.9
19.3
18.8
BG
18.4
18(b)
17(b)
17.5
19.3
19.6
19.1
17.1
17.1
17.5(b)
17.2
17.4
16.6(b)
15.3(b)
16.1
14.7(b)
15
15.6(b)
13(b)
14
12.2(b)
12.1
11.8(b)
10
CZ
14.5
14.3
14.7(b)
14.7
16.1
14.2
14.7
13.8
12.9
12(b)
10.9
9.9
11.3(b)
6.1
5.8
5.6
4.9
4.1
4.1(b)
4.2
4.6(b)
6.1
6.7
5.3
5.3
5.2(b)
DK
13(b)
13.9
12.8(b)
12
12.5
12.8
13(b)
12(b)
11.9
11.2(b)
10.5
10.4
10.7
10.3
11
11.2(b)
12.8(b)
11.6
11.6(b)
12.1
12.7(b)
10.3
11.9
11.4
10.4
11.2(b)
9.3
12.3
11.9
DE
20.6
21.4
21.3(b)
21.4(b)
19.4
19.8
20.4
20.2
19.6
20.5(b)
19.6
19.3(b)
16.6(b)
19.1(b)
19.6
19.3
18.1
19.3(b)
19.2(b)
19.6
18.9
20
19.1
19.3
19.4
19.1
18.7(b)
18.1
EE
22
22.1
22.5(b)
25.3
25
23.1
24.2
25.9
28.6
26.9(b)
27.9
26.3
23.4
24.9
25.3
27.9
28.2
27.5
27.2(b)
27.1
25.4
25.6
25.1
23.1(b)
27.5
26(b)
29.8
IE
27.8
27.7
28.9(b)
29.6
28.9
27.5
27.4(b)
25.9
24.6
24.7(b)
26.2
24.5
24.8
23.1
22.6
23.1
22.3(b)
23.3
22.2(b)
19.7
18
18.6
18
16.9
15.8
22.2
20.6
19.5
EL
27.2
28.7
27.7(b)
24.8
26.4
24.8
25.3
23.4
22.8
20.9(b)
18.1
18
18
15.2
16.5(b)
16.3
15.7
16.8
15.5(b)
14.2(b)
13.9
14.2
14.1(b)
14.9
13.2
11.1(b)
13.8
11.1
12
ES
37.4(d)
37.1(d)
36.3(bd)
35.3
36.7
37.4
36.7
36.2
36.5
35.8(b)
34.9
34.2
33.9
28.9
28.6
27.6
28.4
27.4(b)
28(b)
26.1
26.1
23.9
22.7(b)
20.8
20.9
17.4(b)
18.5
18.4
18.1
FR
20.9(d)
20.5(d)
19.5(bd)
20.5
21.1
21.7
21.1
20.7
21.6
21.5(b)
19.8(b)
18.7
18.1
18.4
18.9
18.2
18.1
16.7(b)
15.7(b)
14.7
13.7(b)
13.9
13.5
13.6
11.9
12.6(b)
10.9
10.8
10.9
HR
11.7(b)
13.5
11.9(b)
12.3
13.9
12.9
11.4
10.6
11.5
8.8(b)
7.7(u)
9.9
12.9
12.4(b)
8.2
8.5(u)
10.6
11.5(bu)
11.5(bu)
10.7(u)
10.1(bu)
11.7(u)
IT
24
24.3
22.6(b)
20.8
20.3
20.7(b)
20.7
20.1
20.5
19.6(b)
20
20.1
19.7
15.9
14.4
13.1
12
11.8
11.3(b)
8.9(b)
12.6
12.7
12.1
11.3
9
10(b)
9.9
10.9
10.4
CY
31.8
35.1
33.2(b)
34.2
35.6
33.9
33.9
36.4
32
31(b)
33.6
35.8
34.7
35.7
36.4(b)
33.4
33.2
36.5
35(b)
32.4
30.7
28.4
27
27.7
23.2
LV
18.2
17.8
16.2(b)
14.9
17.3
17.8
15.3
13.7
15
16.3(b)
15.7
15.7
16.1
16
16.6
16.1
12.4
16.8
19.3(b)
20.1
21.4
15(b)
(u)
16
16
18(b)
LT
19.3
19.2
20.2(b)
19.7
19.4
18.2
18.6
17.7
17.8
13.7(b)
13.4
12.4
12
13.1
15
14.7
15.4
16.5
15.1(b)
14.7(u)
13.1(u)
12.4(bu)
14.4
35.9(b)
36.5
35.5(b)
LU
6.2(u)
7.5
5.8(b)
3.7
4.4
5.1
4.9
4
4.2(b)
5.2(b)
6.1
6.1
5.5
5.4
3.2(bu)
7
3.8(bu)
4.3(u)
5.1(bu)
(u)
(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
8.4(u)
8(u)
(u)
HU
15.7
13.8
12.1(b)
13.1
14.2
12.6
10.4
10.2
11.2
10.2(b)
9.7
10.1
9.6
10.1
9.3
8.5
7.7
7.6
8.3(b)
7.7
7.6
7
9(b)
6.5
8.5
7.5(b)
8.1
MT
29.1
28.9
26.4(b)
21.2
18.7
27.7
28.8
17.9
18.4
17.6(b)
20.3
16
16.4(b)
6.9(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(bu)
(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
NL
15.2
15.5
16.5(b)
16.8
16.8(b)
16.9
16.6
15.4
16.5
16(b)
15.4(b)
16.8
16.2
15.1
14.9
14.6
13.6
14(b)
14.5(b)
13.6
11.8
12
12.2
13.4
11.5
12(b)
14
14
AT
25.4
27.7
26.8(b)
26.5
27.1
27.2
27.9
28
26.4
25.3(b)
17.1
18.6
17.9
17.4
17.8
18.9
18.6(b)
18.3(b)
16.3(b)
20.7(b)
13.2
15.7
11.6
14.3
13.9
8.3(bu)
(u)
9(u)
8.7(u)
PL
17.2
16.4
15(b)
14.3
13.9(b)
13.9
13
12.3
10.9
10.2(b)
9.8
9.6
9.9
9.3(b)
8.4
9.5
7.9
6.6
5.9(b)
6.5(b)
5.8(b)
4.6
4.9(b)
3.7(b)
5.3
5.7(b)
10
PT
15.6
13.3
12.7(b)
12.4
13.2
10.8
11.5
10.7
10.8
10.6(b)
8.7
9.4
9.8(b)
11
11.4
10.1
9.4
8
7.4(b)
7.4(b)
7.9
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(bu)
4.6
6.1
5.7
RO
14.7
14.9
13.6(b)
13.7
13.2
13.1
12.4
12.6
13.6
13.2(b)
12.6
9.8
8.9
8.4(b)
8.7
6.9
7.1
6.6
6.6(b)
6.8
5.1(bu)
5.7(b)
7.8
6.9
5.4(u)
4.8(bu)
10.4
SI
17.7(b)
17.1
15.9(b)
12.4
12.3
12
10
10
10
8(b)
8.2
7.3
5.4
5.9
4.5(u)
4.9
4.7(u)
4.7(u)
4.4(bu)
6.8(u)
6.5(u)
6.8(u)
3.9(u)
5.5(u)
4.1(u)
5(bu)
4.3(u)
4.6(u)
SK
22.2
23.4
22.1(b)
20.7
19.6
21.3
19.5
16.7
17.1
14.5(b)
15.2
13.2
11.5(b)
7.8
6.8
6.9
6.3
5.1
6.2(b)
5.7
3.2(bu)
(u)
4.6(u)
5.2(u)
3.9(bu)
5.2(bu)
FI
18.1
19.5
19.5(b)
18.2
19.4
21.3
21.3
20.8
20.8
21.7(b)
22.2
22.9
23.4
20.4
21.8
21.5(b)
21.5(b)
21.6
21.6(b)
23.8
23.8
23.6
21.2
22.5(b)
22.2
24.7(b)
7.4
(u)
(u)
SE
12
11.8
11.5(b)
11.8
12.6
12.8(b)
12.9
12.1
12.7
12.4(b)
12.3
12.5
12.1
12.2
12.4
11.6
10.6
10.3(b)
10(b)
9.5
9.4
9.6
9.8(b)
12.1
10.6
10.7(b)
10.2
(u)
(u)
IS
12.2
10.7
10.3(b)
11(b)
10.9
11.6
9.6
10
10.4
10.4(b)
9.8
8.4
8.5
6.3
7.9
6.6
9.7
11.7
11.9(b)
10.7
12.8(b)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
NO
14.4
13.5
12.4(b)
13.1
12.7
10.9
9.5
9.9
9
9.6(b)
10.9(u)
11.2(u)
11.1(u)
9.3
9.3
9.5
10.8
11.3(b)
11.1(b)
12.4
12.8(b)
14.9
14.2
13.2
13.6
12.9(b)
12.9
13.5
CH
19.5
18.8
19(b)
20.2
20.2
21.6
21.5
21.6
21.8
21.6(b)
20.4
20.1
20.7
18.2(b)
18.8
18.4
17
17.6
18.1(b)
17.3
18.8
19.6
20.7
21.7
21.5
24(b)
23.2
21.4
UK
25.4
24.9
24.7
24.6
24.6
24.2(b)
23.4
22
21.3(b)
24.8(b)
24.3
23.9(b)
24.2(b)
22.5
22.5(b)
23.7(b)
22.4
21.9
22.3
18.5
17(b)
16.7
16.5
15.7
ME
15.7
11.3
8.5
7.4(u)
9.3
13.3
13.2(b)
12.2
15.5
13.8
MK
19.9
19.5
18.1
16.3
15.9
18.3
15.6(b)
13.7
16.9
16.8
16.2
15
13.3
15.8
13.9
RS
22.6(b)
22.4
23.1(b)
22.4
23.1
20.4
20.5
17.8
17.1
15.8(b)
13.5
(u)
(u)
10.1
TR
25.3
24.3
23.5(b)
22.9
23.2
21.8
21.1
21.6
21.4
20.8(b)
18.8
19.3
21
18.3
17
16.2
17.3
15.8
BA
15.5
16.3
18.4(b)

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable