EIGE

Over-qualification rates by citizenship ta_eductrain_skills_over__lfsa_eoqgan

Time format:
Years
Unit:
Percentage (comparable)
Keywords:
education, overqualification, skills, training
ES
CY
IE
EE
TR
UK
AT
BE
EA21
LT
MK
DE
FR
EU27_2020
BG
CH
EL
FI
LV
PL
NL
NO
DK
SE
IT
PT
HR
IS
HU
SK
MT
RO
SI
CZ
LU
BA
ME
RS
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
ES
35(d)
35.8(d)
36(d)
36(bd)
35.8
36.7
37.3
36.9
36.6
37.1
36.4(b)
35.4
35.2
35.1
32.3
32.6
33.4
34.8
35.3(b)
35.6(b)
33.9
35.2
34.8
34.1(b)
35
34.5
33.6(b)
32.8
32.6
33.5
CY
28.2
30
31.5
31.2(b)
32.2
33.5
33.3
34.1
35.5
33.8
32.5(b)
33.3
33.4
32.3
32.6
32.6(b)
32
32.1
31.9
31.4(b)
32.2
31.6
31.7
31.4
31.6
32
IE
27.3
28
28.4
28.6(b)
29.6
30.1
29.7
29.4(b)
28.7
29.4
29.9(b)
30.2
29
30.2
29
29.5
30.2
30.3(b)
30.9
30.1(b)
27.3
26.6
26.1
25.3
24.6
24.9
33.9
33.3
30.9
EE
22.2
21.3
21.4
21(b)
23.2
23.4
20.9
21.4
24
25.7
25.7(b)
27.3
26.9
24.6
22.9
25.5
27.6
26.5
25.8
27.4(b)
25.3
27.4
26.3
26.4
24(b)
25.6
26(b)
35.6
TR
36.3
35.7
35.9
36.1(b)
35.3
35.3
34.7
34.6
33.8
33.5
32.6(b)
32.2
29.7
31
28.1
26.6
26.2
26
25.1
UK
25.2
25.6
25.7
25.7
25.8
24.9(b)
24.5
24
24(b)
24.7(b)
23.4
23(b)
23.6(b)
22.5
22.3(b)
22.2(b)
21.3
21.2
21.7
19
18.8(b)
19.4
18.5
17.8
AT
26.9
26.3
27.8
27.6(b)
27.7
28.9
28.2
28.9
29.8
29.1
28.8(b)
23
23.5
23.1
21.7
21.7
22.7
22.9(b)
22.7(b)
21.3(b)
24.6(b)
18
20.9
19.5
21.4
22.1
8.9(b)
6.7
8.4
9.2
BE
20.1
22.2
22.7
21.7(b)
20.1
20.1
20.6
20.3(b)
19.6
19.4
19.9(b)
20.9
21.5
22(b)
22.3
22.7
22.8(b)
22
22.1
22.1(b)
21.6
22.8
23.2
20.7(b)
21.9
20.7(b)
21.5(b)
21.4
22
21.8
EA21
22.6
23.2
23.5
23.2(b)
23
23.1
23.3
23.3
22.9
23
22.8(b)
22
21.8
20.5
21.6
21.8
21.9
22
22.2
22.1(b)
21.5
21.6
21.8
LT
22
21.8
22.2
22.1(b)
23.4
24.4
22.7
22.9
22.5
23.2
18.2(b)
16.8
15.4
15.5
16.9
19.5
20.1
21.3
23.1
24(b)
23.7
25.1
23.2(b)
22.2
41.5(b)
41.4
40.3(b)
MK
20
26.2
22.5
23.3(b)
26
26.3
23.3
22.2
21.7
25.1
22.7(b)
19.1
19.6
20.7
22.3
20.6
20.3
21
17.5
DE
19.1
19.7
20
20.1(b)
19.9(b)
18.2
18.7
18.9
18.8
18.2
18.9(b)
18.1
18(b)
13.1(b)
21.1(b)
21.2
21.3
20.8
21.5(b)
22.1(b)
22.7
22.5
23.8
23.3
23.8
23.9
24.4
24.5(b)
24.5
FR
20.7(d)
21.2(d)
21.6(d)
20.6(bd)
21.1
21.7
21.9
22
21.7
22.1
22.3(b)
21.1(b)
20
20
20.6
21.1
20.8
20.7
20.5(b)
19.7(b)
19.4
18.5(b)
18.7
18.2
18
17.1
16.5(b)
14.9
14
13.6
EU27_2020
21.5
22
22.2
21.8(b)
21.7
21.8
22.1
22.1
21.8
21.8
21.7(b)
21
20.7
19.6
20.3
20.3
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.3(b)
19.7
19.8
19.9
BG
20.9(b)
21.5
21.2
20.4(b)
21.6
22.6(b)
23.6
23.6
22.3
23.4
23.5(b)
23.7
24
23(b)
21(b)
20.4
20.2(b)
20.2
21(b)
18.7(b)
19.2
18.4(b)
16.8
16.1(b)
15.4
CH
17.6
18.3
17.8
18.8(b)
19.7
19.9
20.6
21.1
20.7
21.5
22(b)
21.8
21.3
21.9
20.9(b)
20
20.6
20.1
19.8
19.8(b)
21
19.9
21.1
20.5
20.6
21
21.3(b)
23
23.1
EL
33
31.4
32.4
32.6(b)
30.2
32.3
31.7
30.8
29.6
28.2
26.7(b)
24.9
24.5
23.8
19.5
20.2(b)
19.9
18.9
18.7
18.3(b)
18.3(b)
19.8
17.5
18.8(b)
19.1
17.7
14.6(b)
17.8
15.8
15.8
FI
16.4
16.1
17.2
17.9(b)
16.4
17.7
18.5
18.5
19
18.8
18.9(b)
18.9
19.1
19.3
17.1
17.6
17.8(b)
17.3(b)
17.5
17.5(b)
18.8
18.8
19.2
17.7
19.2(b)
20.5
22.6(b)
10.4
(u)
(u)
LV
19.7
20.1
18.9
18.2(b)
18
21.5
21
18.3
18.5
19
18.9(b)
20.3
21.1
19.3
16.7
17.5
18.1
16.2
16.4
20.1(b)
19.9
23.3
18.5(b)
18.6
15.8
17.4
17.4(b)
PL
20.5
20.1
19.4
18.4(b)
18.8
18.7(b)
19.3
19.9
19.8
19.1
19.8(b)
19.6
19
19
17.6(b)
16.3
16.2
15.5
14.7
13.7(b)
12(b)
11.6(b)
10.9
8.5(b)
6.1(b)
7.8
7.3(b)
12.7
NL
14.1
14.6
15.3
16.1(b)
16.8
16.8(b)
16.2
16.2
15.6
16.5
16.3(b)
15.8(b)
16.4
16
14.5
14.3
14.3
14.7
14.8(b)
15.3(b)
13.5
10.9
11
11.6
11.4
10.3
10.6(b)
13.7
13.8
NO
17.5
16.9
16.7
16.7(b)
16
16.2
16.4
14.9
15.1
15.4
15.3(b)
13.9
13.9
13.8
12.5
11.7
13
14.6
15.4(b)
15.5(b)
15.8
15.2(b)
18
18
17.1
16.4
16.8(b)
17.7
16.2
DK
15.3
13.4(b)
14.3
14.6(b)
13.6
13.7
14.1
14.7(b)
13.6(b)
14.5
13.5(b)
12.2
12
12.4
13.9
13.9
14.6(b)
14.4(b)
13.7
14.2(b)
13.6
13.6(b)
13.4
10.8
11.2
11.9
14(b)
13.3
14.5
14.4
SE
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.4(b)
14.5
15.4
16.2(b)
16.3
16.1
16.4
16.5(b)
16.3
16.1
15.9
15.1
14.5
14.8
14.4
14.2(b)
13.1(b)
12.3
12.1
11.1
11.3(b)
14.4
14.7
14.7(b)
12.9
(u)
(u)
IT
21
21.9
22.3
20.9(b)
19.8
20.1
20.5(b)
20.1
19.2
19.4
18.7(b)
18.8
19.5
19.2
16.8
15.5
15.1
14
13.9
13.7(b)
12(b)
15.8
14.8
14.8
14.1
12.5
11.8(b)
11.5
12.7
11.7
PT
16
16.6
15.1
14.4(b)
13.4
14.9
13.6
13.9
13.7
13
12.9(b)
12.3
12
11.8(b)
13.8
13.9
14.7
13.7
12.1
12(b)
11(b)
11.4
9.7
8.4
9.7
7.6
8(b)
7.8
7.5
7
HR
12.6
13.6
15.6
14.6(b)
12.9
13.9
14.2
14.1
14.2
14.7
13.1(b)
13.3
13.8(b)
13
10.7(b)
10.3
11.3
13.2
12.3(b)
11.2(b)
11.6
9.7(b)
12.6
IS
16
16.7
16.6
15.9(b)
13.5(b)
13.9
15.6
13.6
13.2
13
12.5(b)
12.1
11.6
9.8
8.9
9.1
8.5
11
12.2
12.8(b)
11.9
12.7(b)
10.5
9.7
13
12.6
HU
14.5
15.9
14.3
13.5(b)
13.9
15
15(b)
14.1
14.5
14.1
13.8(b)
13.8
14.3
13
12.1
11.2
11.4
10.4
10.2
9.5(b)
9.3
9.2
9.3
9.6(b)
8.3
9.9
8.4(b)
8.5
SK
20.4
22.9
23.4
22.9(b)
22.5
22.6
23.7
22.2
21.2
21.3
18.7(b)
18.9
17.3
14.3(b)
10
9.3
9.8
9.5
8.7
8.9(b)
8.2
8.3(b)
6.4
7.2
7.2
6.6(b)
8.3(b)
MT
21.4
22.1
19.1
20.3(b)
17.7
19.2
19.6
17
14.5
13.8
14.2(b)
13.3
12.4
12.1(b)
10.3
7.6
6.7
9.3
6.6
6.9(b)
7.5(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
RO
15.5
16.1
16.6
16.2(b)
17.1
16.1
17.9
17.6
17.2
18.5
17.8(b)
17.3
14.5
12.4
11.2(b)
11
9.4
8.9
8.6
9.2(b)
10.6
10.2(b)
10.2(b)
12
10.8
10.7
10.3(b)
14.2
SI
19.1
18.8(b)
17.7
18(b)
15.5
16.2
15.8
15.1
15.7
15.2
12.2(b)
12.5
11.6
9.5
8.7
7.5
7.1
7.6
6.9
5.8(b)
6.8
6.1(u)
6.8(u)
6.7(u)
9.1
5.9(u)
6.7(bu)
7.6(u)
7.3(u)
CZ
12.8
13.4
14.3
13.8(b)
14.3
15.1
14.6
14.5
13.7
13.4
13.3(b)
13.4
12.5
12.1(b)
7.9
7.7
7.5
5.9
5.8
5.7(b)
5.9
5.6(b)
6.9
6.6
5.7
5.9
6(b)
LU
4.7
5.4
6.8
5.4(b)
4.1
5
5.3
4.1
5
4.1(b)
4.4(b)
5.8
4.2
4.4
4.4
3.1(b)
4
3.4(b)
3.2
4.8(b)
5
2.3(bu)
2.3(u)
3.1(u)
3.9(u)
3.4(u)
7.6
7.9
8.6
BA
20.8
21.1
22
24.1(b)
ME
18.5
15.8
13.2
13.8
16.9
16.5
17.9(b)
14.3
17.8
19.2
RS
23.2
25
24.2
24.6(b)
26.7
26.9
26
25.6
23.8
23.6
21.2(b)
20.3
(u)
(u)
15

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable