EIGE

Over-qualification rates by citizenship ta_eductrain_skills_over__lfsa_eoqgan

Time format:
Years
Unit:
Percentage (comparable)
Keywords:
education, overqualification, skills, training
BA
MT
ME
RS
CZ
LU
SI
SK
PL
RO
HU
PT
SE
NO
HR
DK
IS
IT
MK
NL
BG
TR
EU27_2020
LT
FR
EL
LV
CH
AT
DE
FI
UK
IE
BE
ES
EE
CY
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
BA
15.5
16.3
18.4(b)
MT
29.1
28.9
26.4(b)
21.2
18.7
27.7
28.8
17.9
18.4
17.6(b)
20.3
16
16.4(b)
6.9(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(bu)
(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
ME
15.7
11.3
8.5
7.4(u)
9.3
13.3
13.2(b)
12.2
15.5
13.8
RS
22.6(b)
22.4
23.1(b)
22.4
23.1
20.4
20.5
17.8
17.1
15.8(b)
13.5
(u)
(u)
10.1
CZ
14.5
14.3
14.7(b)
14.7
16.1
14.2
14.7
13.8
12.9
12(b)
10.9
9.9
11.3(b)
6.1
5.8
5.6
4.9
4.1
4.1(b)
4.2
4.6(b)
6.1
6.7
5.3
5.3
5.2(b)
LU
6.2(u)
7.5
5.8(b)
3.7
4.4
5.1
4.9
4
4.2(b)
5.2(b)
6.1
6.1
5.5
5.4
3.2(bu)
7
3.8(bu)
4.3(u)
5.1(bu)
(u)
(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
8.4(u)
8(u)
(u)
SI
17.7(b)
17.1
15.9(b)
12.4
12.3
12
10
10
10
8(b)
8.2
7.3
5.4
5.9
4.5(u)
4.9
4.7(u)
4.7(u)
4.4(bu)
6.8(u)
6.5(u)
6.8(u)
3.9(u)
5.5(u)
4.1(u)
5(bu)
4.3(u)
4.6(u)
SK
22.2
23.4
22.1(b)
20.7
19.6
21.3
19.5
16.7
17.1
14.5(b)
15.2
13.2
11.5(b)
7.8
6.8
6.9
6.3
5.1
6.2(b)
5.7
3.2(bu)
(u)
4.6(u)
5.2(u)
3.9(bu)
5.2(bu)
PL
17.2
16.4
15(b)
14.3
13.9(b)
13.9
13
12.3
10.9
10.2(b)
9.8
9.6
9.9
9.3(b)
8.4
9.5
7.9
6.6
5.9(b)
6.5(b)
5.8(b)
4.6
4.9(b)
3.7(b)
5.3
5.7(b)
10
RO
14.7
14.9
13.6(b)
13.7
13.2
13.1
12.4
12.6
13.6
13.2(b)
12.6
9.8
8.9
8.4(b)
8.7
6.9
7.1
6.6
6.6(b)
6.8
5.1(bu)
5.7(b)
7.8
6.9
5.4(u)
4.8(bu)
10.4
HU
15.7
13.8
12.1(b)
13.1
14.2
12.6
10.4
10.2
11.2
10.2(b)
9.7
10.1
9.6
10.1
9.3
8.5
7.7
7.6
8.3(b)
7.7
7.6
7
9(b)
6.5
8.5
7.5(b)
8.1
PT
15.6
13.3
12.7(b)
12.4
13.2
10.8
11.5
10.7
10.8
10.6(b)
8.7
9.4
9.8(b)
11
11.4
10.1
9.4
8
7.4(b)
7.4(b)
7.9
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(bu)
4.6
6.1
5.7
SE
12
11.8
11.5(b)
11.8
12.6
12.8(b)
12.9
12.1
12.7
12.4(b)
12.3
12.5
12.1
12.2
12.4
11.6
10.6
10.3(b)
10(b)
9.5
9.4
9.6
9.8(b)
12.1
10.6
10.7(b)
10.2
(u)
(u)
NO
14.4
13.5
12.4(b)
13.1
12.7
10.9
9.5
9.9
9
9.6(b)
10.9(u)
11.2(u)
11.1(u)
9.3
9.3
9.5
10.8
11.3(b)
11.1(b)
12.4
12.8(b)
14.9
14.2
13.2
13.6
12.9(b)
12.9
13.5
HR
11.7(b)
13.5
11.9(b)
12.3
13.9
12.9
11.4
10.6
11.5
8.8(b)
7.7(u)
9.9
12.9
12.4(b)
8.2
8.5(u)
10.6
11.5(bu)
11.5(bu)
10.7(u)
10.1(bu)
11.7(u)
DK
13(b)
13.9
12.8(b)
12
12.5
12.8
13(b)
12(b)
11.9
11.2(b)
10.5
10.4
10.7
10.3
11
11.2(b)
12.8(b)
11.6
11.6(b)
12.1
12.7(b)
10.3
11.9
11.4
10.4
11.2(b)
9.3
12.3
11.9
IS
12.2
10.7
10.3(b)
11(b)
10.9
11.6
9.6
10
10.4
10.4(b)
9.8
8.4
8.5
6.3
7.9
6.6
9.7
11.7
11.9(b)
10.7
12.8(b)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
IT
24
24.3
22.6(b)
20.8
20.3
20.7(b)
20.7
20.1
20.5
19.6(b)
20
20.1
19.7
15.9
14.4
13.1
12
11.8
11.3(b)
8.9(b)
12.6
12.7
12.1
11.3
9
10(b)
9.9
10.9
10.4
MK
19.9
19.5
18.1
16.3
15.9
18.3
15.6(b)
13.7
16.9
16.8
16.2
15
13.3
15.8
13.9
NL
15.2
15.5
16.5(b)
16.8
16.8(b)
16.9
16.6
15.4
16.5
16(b)
15.4(b)
16.8
16.2
15.1
14.9
14.6
13.6
14(b)
14.5(b)
13.6
11.8
12
12.2
13.4
11.5
12(b)
14
14
BG
18.4
18(b)
17(b)
17.5
19.3
19.6
19.1
17.1
17.1
17.5(b)
17.2
17.4
16.6(b)
15.3(b)
16.1
14.7(b)
15
15.6(b)
13(b)
14
12.2(b)
12.1
11.8(b)
10
TR
25.3
24.3
23.5(b)
22.9
23.2
21.8
21.1
21.6
21.4
20.8(b)
18.8
19.3
21
18.3
17
16.2
17.3
15.8
EU27_2020
22
22
21.3(b)
21
21.1
21.3
21.1
20.5
20.5
20.2(b)
19.5
19.2
18.5
17.7
17.7
17.2
16.8
16.5
16.2(b)
15.7
15.4
15.1
LT
19.3
19.2
20.2(b)
19.7
19.4
18.2
18.6
17.7
17.8
13.7(b)
13.4
12.4
12
13.1
15
14.7
15.4
16.5
15.1(b)
14.7(u)
13.1(u)
12.4(bu)
14.4
35.9(b)
36.5
35.5(b)
FR
20.9(d)
20.5(d)
19.5(bd)
20.5
21.1
21.7
21.1
20.7
21.6
21.5(b)
19.8(b)
18.7
18.1
18.4
18.9
18.2
18.1
16.7(b)
15.7(b)
14.7
13.7(b)
13.9
13.5
13.6
11.9
12.6(b)
10.9
10.8
10.9
EL
27.2
28.7
27.7(b)
24.8
26.4
24.8
25.3
23.4
22.8
20.9(b)
18.1
18
18
15.2
16.5(b)
16.3
15.7
16.8
15.5(b)
14.2(b)
13.9
14.2
14.1(b)
14.9
13.2
11.1(b)
13.8
11.1
12
LV
18.2
17.8
16.2(b)
14.9
17.3
17.8
15.3
13.7
15
16.3(b)
15.7
15.7
16.1
16
16.6
16.1
12.4
16.8
19.3(b)
20.1
21.4
15(b)
(u)
16
16
18(b)
CH
19.5
18.8
19(b)
20.2
20.2
21.6
21.5
21.6
21.8
21.6(b)
20.4
20.1
20.7
18.2(b)
18.8
18.4
17
17.6
18.1(b)
17.3
18.8
19.6
20.7
21.7
21.5
24(b)
23.2
21.4
AT
25.4
27.7
26.8(b)
26.5
27.1
27.2
27.9
28
26.4
25.3(b)
17.1
18.6
17.9
17.4
17.8
18.9
18.6(b)
18.3(b)
16.3(b)
20.7(b)
13.2
15.7
11.6
14.3
13.9
8.3(bu)
(u)
9(u)
8.7(u)
DE
20.6
21.4
21.3(b)
21.4(b)
19.4
19.8
20.4
20.2
19.6
20.5(b)
19.6
19.3(b)
16.6(b)
19.1(b)
19.6
19.3
18.1
19.3(b)
19.2(b)
19.6
18.9
20
19.1
19.3
19.4
19.1
18.7(b)
18.1
FI
18.1
19.5
19.5(b)
18.2
19.4
21.3
21.3
20.8
20.8
21.7(b)
22.2
22.9
23.4
20.4
21.8
21.5(b)
21.5(b)
21.6
21.6(b)
23.8
23.8
23.6
21.2
22.5(b)
22.2
24.7(b)
7.4
(u)
(u)
UK
25.4
24.9
24.7
24.6
24.6
24.2(b)
23.4
22
21.3(b)
24.8(b)
24.3
23.9(b)
24.2(b)
22.5
22.5(b)
23.7(b)
22.4
21.9
22.3
18.5
17(b)
16.7
16.5
15.7
IE
27.8
27.7
28.9(b)
29.6
28.9
27.5
27.4(b)
25.9
24.6
24.7(b)
26.2
24.5
24.8
23.1
22.6
23.1
22.3(b)
23.3
22.2(b)
19.7
18
18.6
18
16.9
15.8
22.2
20.6
19.5
BE
23.7
23.9
23.5(b)
21.4
21.1
21.9
21.9(b)
21
21
20.9(b)
22.6
23.4
24.5(b)
24.3
24.6
25.2(b)
24.1
23.9
24.2(b)
23.8
25.9
24.4
20.3(b)
20.5
18.9(b)
20.2(b)
18.9
19.3
18.8
ES
37.4(d)
37.1(d)
36.3(bd)
35.3
36.7
37.4
36.7
36.2
36.5
35.8(b)
34.9
34.2
33.9
28.9
28.6
27.6
28.4
27.4(b)
28(b)
26.1
26.1
23.9
22.7(b)
20.8
20.9
17.4(b)
18.5
18.4
18.1
EE
22
22.1
22.5(b)
25.3
25
23.1
24.2
25.9
28.6
26.9(b)
27.9
26.3
23.4
24.9
25.3
27.9
28.2
27.5
27.2(b)
27.1
25.4
25.6
25.1
23.1(b)
27.5
26(b)
29.8
CY
31.8
35.1
33.2(b)
34.2
35.6
33.9
33.9
36.4
32
31(b)
33.6
35.8
34.7
35.7
36.4(b)
33.4
33.2
36.5
35(b)
32.4
30.7
28.4
27
27.7
23.2

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable