EIGE

Over-qualification rates by citizenship ta_eductrain_skills_over__lfsa_eoqgan

Time format:
Years
Unit:
Percentage (comparable)
Keywords:
education, overqualification, skills, training
BA
MT
ME
MK
RS
TR
LU
CZ
SI
SK
HU
HR
RO
NL
PT
PL
SE
IS
DK
NO
IT
AT
BG
FR
FI
EU27_2020
EL
CH
UK
EA21
DE
BE
LV
LT
IE
EE
CY
ES
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
BA
20.8
21.1
22
24.1(b)
MT
21.4
22.1
19.1
20.3(b)
17.7
19.2
19.6
17
14.5
13.8
14.2(b)
13.3
12.4
12.1(b)
10.3
7.6
6.7
9.3
6.6
6.9(b)
7.5(bu)
(u)
(u)
(u)
(u)
ME
18.5
15.8
13.2
13.8
16.9
16.5
17.9(b)
14.3
17.8
19.2
MK
20
26.2
22.5
23.3(b)
26
26.3
23.3
22.2
21.7
25.1
22.7(b)
19.1
19.6
20.7
22.3
20.6
20.3
21
17.5
RS
23.2
25
24.2
24.6(b)
26.7
26.9
26
25.6
23.8
23.6
21.2(b)
20.3
(u)
(u)
15
TR
36.3
35.7
35.9
36.1(b)
35.3
35.3
34.7
34.6
33.8
33.5
32.6(b)
32.2
29.7
31
28.1
26.6
26.2
26
25.1
LU
4.7
5.4
6.8
5.4(b)
4.1
5
5.3
4.1
5
4.1(b)
4.4(b)
5.8
4.2
4.4
4.4
3.1(b)
4
3.4(b)
3.2
4.8(b)
5
2.3(bu)
2.3(u)
3.1(u)
3.9(u)
3.4(u)
7.6
7.9
8.6
CZ
12.8
13.4
14.3
13.8(b)
14.3
15.1
14.6
14.5
13.7
13.4
13.3(b)
13.4
12.5
12.1(b)
7.9
7.7
7.5
5.9
5.8
5.7(b)
5.9
5.6(b)
6.9
6.6
5.7
5.9
6(b)
SI
19.1
18.8(b)
17.7
18(b)
15.5
16.2
15.8
15.1
15.7
15.2
12.2(b)
12.5
11.6
9.5
8.7
7.5
7.1
7.6
6.9
5.8(b)
6.8
6.1(u)
6.8(u)
6.7(u)
9.1
5.9(u)
6.7(bu)
7.6(u)
7.3(u)
SK
20.4
22.9
23.4
22.9(b)
22.5
22.6
23.7
22.2
21.2
21.3
18.7(b)
18.9
17.3
14.3(b)
10
9.3
9.8
9.5
8.7
8.9(b)
8.2
8.3(b)
6.4
7.2
7.2
6.6(b)
8.3(b)
HU
14.5
15.9
14.3
13.5(b)
13.9
15
15(b)
14.1
14.5
14.1
13.8(b)
13.8
14.3
13
12.1
11.2
11.4
10.4
10.2
9.5(b)
9.3
9.2
9.3
9.6(b)
8.3
9.9
8.4(b)
8.5
HR
12.6
13.6
15.6
14.6(b)
12.9
13.9
14.2
14.1
14.2
14.7
13.1(b)
13.3
13.8(b)
13
10.7(b)
10.3
11.3
13.2
12.3(b)
11.2(b)
11.6
9.7(b)
12.6
RO
15.5
16.1
16.6
16.2(b)
17.1
16.1
17.9
17.6
17.2
18.5
17.8(b)
17.3
14.5
12.4
11.2(b)
11
9.4
8.9
8.6
9.2(b)
10.6
10.2(b)
10.2(b)
12
10.8
10.7
10.3(b)
14.2
NL
14.1
14.6
15.3
16.1(b)
16.8
16.8(b)
16.2
16.2
15.6
16.5
16.3(b)
15.8(b)
16.4
16
14.5
14.3
14.3
14.7
14.8(b)
15.3(b)
13.5
10.9
11
11.6
11.4
10.3
10.6(b)
13.7
13.8
PT
16
16.6
15.1
14.4(b)
13.4
14.9
13.6
13.9
13.7
13
12.9(b)
12.3
12
11.8(b)
13.8
13.9
14.7
13.7
12.1
12(b)
11(b)
11.4
9.7
8.4
9.7
7.6
8(b)
7.8
7.5
7
PL
20.5
20.1
19.4
18.4(b)
18.8
18.7(b)
19.3
19.9
19.8
19.1
19.8(b)
19.6
19
19
17.6(b)
16.3
16.2
15.5
14.7
13.7(b)
12(b)
11.6(b)
10.9
8.5(b)
6.1(b)
7.8
7.3(b)
12.7
SE
13.7
13.6
13.6
13.4(b)
14.5
15.4
16.2(b)
16.3
16.1
16.4
16.5(b)
16.3
16.1
15.9
15.1
14.5
14.8
14.4
14.2(b)
13.1(b)
12.3
12.1
11.1
11.3(b)
14.4
14.7
14.7(b)
12.9
(u)
(u)
IS
16
16.7
16.6
15.9(b)
13.5(b)
13.9
15.6
13.6
13.2
13
12.5(b)
12.1
11.6
9.8
8.9
9.1
8.5
11
12.2
12.8(b)
11.9
12.7(b)
10.5
9.7
13
12.6
DK
15.3
13.4(b)
14.3
14.6(b)
13.6
13.7
14.1
14.7(b)
13.6(b)
14.5
13.5(b)
12.2
12
12.4
13.9
13.9
14.6(b)
14.4(b)
13.7
14.2(b)
13.6
13.6(b)
13.4
10.8
11.2
11.9
14(b)
13.3
14.5
14.4
NO
17.5
16.9
16.7
16.7(b)
16
16.2
16.4
14.9
15.1
15.4
15.3(b)
13.9
13.9
13.8
12.5
11.7
13
14.6
15.4(b)
15.5(b)
15.8
15.2(b)
18
18
17.1
16.4
16.8(b)
17.7
16.2
IT
21
21.9
22.3
20.9(b)
19.8
20.1
20.5(b)
20.1
19.2
19.4
18.7(b)
18.8
19.5
19.2
16.8
15.5
15.1
14
13.9
13.7(b)
12(b)
15.8
14.8
14.8
14.1
12.5
11.8(b)
11.5
12.7
11.7
AT
26.9
26.3
27.8
27.6(b)
27.7
28.9
28.2
28.9
29.8
29.1
28.8(b)
23
23.5
23.1
21.7
21.7
22.7
22.9(b)
22.7(b)
21.3(b)
24.6(b)
18
20.9
19.5
21.4
22.1
8.9(b)
6.7
8.4
9.2
BG
20.9(b)
21.5
21.2
20.4(b)
21.6
22.6(b)
23.6
23.6
22.3
23.4
23.5(b)
23.7
24
23(b)
21(b)
20.4
20.2(b)
20.2
21(b)
18.7(b)
19.2
18.4(b)
16.8
16.1(b)
15.4
FR
20.7(d)
21.2(d)
21.6(d)
20.6(bd)
21.1
21.7
21.9
22
21.7
22.1
22.3(b)
21.1(b)
20
20
20.6
21.1
20.8
20.7
20.5(b)
19.7(b)
19.4
18.5(b)
18.7
18.2
18
17.1
16.5(b)
14.9
14
13.6
FI
16.4
16.1
17.2
17.9(b)
16.4
17.7
18.5
18.5
19
18.8
18.9(b)
18.9
19.1
19.3
17.1
17.6
17.8(b)
17.3(b)
17.5
17.5(b)
18.8
18.8
19.2
17.7
19.2(b)
20.5
22.6(b)
10.4
(u)
(u)
EU27_2020
21.5
22
22.2
21.8(b)
21.7
21.8
22.1
22.1
21.8
21.8
21.7(b)
21
20.7
19.6
20.3
20.3
20.4
20.4
20.4
20.3(b)
19.7
19.8
19.9
EL
33
31.4
32.4
32.6(b)
30.2
32.3
31.7
30.8
29.6
28.2
26.7(b)
24.9
24.5
23.8
19.5
20.2(b)
19.9
18.9
18.7
18.3(b)
18.3(b)
19.8
17.5
18.8(b)
19.1
17.7
14.6(b)
17.8
15.8
15.8
CH
17.6
18.3
17.8
18.8(b)
19.7
19.9
20.6
21.1
20.7
21.5
22(b)
21.8
21.3
21.9
20.9(b)
20
20.6
20.1
19.8
19.8(b)
21
19.9
21.1
20.5
20.6
21
21.3(b)
23
23.1
UK
25.2
25.6
25.7
25.7
25.8
24.9(b)
24.5
24
24(b)
24.7(b)
23.4
23(b)
23.6(b)
22.5
22.3(b)
22.2(b)
21.3
21.2
21.7
19
18.8(b)
19.4
18.5
17.8
EA21
22.6
23.2
23.5
23.2(b)
23
23.1
23.3
23.3
22.9
23
22.8(b)
22
21.8
20.5
21.6
21.8
21.9
22
22.2
22.1(b)
21.5
21.6
21.8
DE
19.1
19.7
20
20.1(b)
19.9(b)
18.2
18.7
18.9
18.8
18.2
18.9(b)
18.1
18(b)
13.1(b)
21.1(b)
21.2
21.3
20.8
21.5(b)
22.1(b)
22.7
22.5
23.8
23.3
23.8
23.9
24.4
24.5(b)
24.5
BE
20.1
22.2
22.7
21.7(b)
20.1
20.1
20.6
20.3(b)
19.6
19.4
19.9(b)
20.9
21.5
22(b)
22.3
22.7
22.8(b)
22
22.1
22.1(b)
21.6
22.8
23.2
20.7(b)
21.9
20.7(b)
21.5(b)
21.4
22
21.8
LV
19.7
20.1
18.9
18.2(b)
18
21.5
21
18.3
18.5
19
18.9(b)
20.3
21.1
19.3
16.7
17.5
18.1
16.2
16.4
20.1(b)
19.9
23.3
18.5(b)
18.6
15.8
17.4
17.4(b)
LT
22
21.8
22.2
22.1(b)
23.4
24.4
22.7
22.9
22.5
23.2
18.2(b)
16.8
15.4
15.5
16.9
19.5
20.1
21.3
23.1
24(b)
23.7
25.1
23.2(b)
22.2
41.5(b)
41.4
40.3(b)
IE
27.3
28
28.4
28.6(b)
29.6
30.1
29.7
29.4(b)
28.7
29.4
29.9(b)
30.2
29
30.2
29
29.5
30.2
30.3(b)
30.9
30.1(b)
27.3
26.6
26.1
25.3
24.6
24.9
33.9
33.3
30.9
EE
22.2
21.3
21.4
21(b)
23.2
23.4
20.9
21.4
24
25.7
25.7(b)
27.3
26.9
24.6
22.9
25.5
27.6
26.5
25.8
27.4(b)
25.3
27.4
26.3
26.4
24(b)
25.6
26(b)
35.6
CY
28.2
30
31.5
31.2(b)
32.2
33.5
33.3
34.1
35.5
33.8
32.5(b)
33.3
33.4
32.3
32.6
32.6(b)
32
32.1
31.9
31.4(b)
32.2
31.6
31.7
31.4
31.6
32
ES
35(d)
35.8(d)
36(d)
36(bd)
35.8
36.7
37.3
36.9
36.6
37.1
36.4(b)
35.4
35.2
35.1
32.3
32.6
33.4
34.8
35.3(b)
35.6(b)
33.9
35.2
34.8
34.1(b)
35
34.5
33.6(b)
32.8
32.6
33.5

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable