R&D personnel and researchers by sector of performance, educational attainment level (ISCED1997) and sex (1980-2015) ta_resdig_sctech_rdperes_perf__rd_p_persqual

Time format:

Years

Unit:

Number of personnel (head count)

Unit:

Full time equivalent (FTE)

time

geo

×

Time

Select all	Code	Label
	2015	2015
	2014	2014
	2013	2013
	2012	2012
	2011	2011
	2010	2010
	2009	2009
	2008	2008
	2007	2007
	2006	2006
	2005	2005
	2004	2004
	2003	2003
	2002	2002
	2001	2001
	2000	2000
	1999	1999
	1998	1998
	1997	1997
	1996	1996
	1995	1995
	1994	1994
	1993	1993
	1992	1992
	1991	1991
	1990	1990
	1989	1989
	1988	1988
	1987	1987
	1986	1986
	1985	1985
	1984	1984
	1983	1983
	1982	1982
	1981	1981
	1980	1980

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×

Geographic region

Select all	Code	Label
	EU28	European Union - 28 countries (1993-2020)
	EU27_2020	European Union - 27 countries (from 2020)
	EA19	Euro area (19 countries)
	BE	Belgium
	BG	Bulgaria
	CZ	Czechia
	DK	Denmark
	DE	Germany
	EE	Estonia
	IE	Ireland
	EL	Greece
	ES	Spain
	FR	France
	HR	Croatia
	IT	Italy
	CY	Cyprus
	LV	Latvia
	LT	Lithuania
	LU	Luxembourg
	HU	Hungary
	MT	Malta
	NL	Netherlands
	AT	Austria
	PL	Poland
	PT	Portugal
	RO	Romania
	SI	Slovenia
	SK	Slovakia
	FI	Finland
	SE	Sweden
	IS	Iceland
	NO	Norway
	CH	Switzerland
	UK	United Kingdom
	ME	Montenegro
	MK	North Macedonia
	RS	Serbia
	TR	Türkiye
	BA	Bosnia and Herzegovina
	RU	Russia

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unitFull-time equivalent (FTE)Head count

prof_posTotalResearchers

sectperfAll sectorsBusiness enterprise sectorGovernment sectorHigher education sectorPrivate non-profit sector

isced97All ISCED 1997 levelsFirst stage of tertiary education, tertiary programmes that are theoretically based/research preparatory or giving access to professions with high skills requirements (level 5A) and second stage of tertiary education (level 6)First stage of tertiary education not leading directly to an advanced research qualification (level 5)First stage of tertiary education, programmes that are theoretically based/research preparatory or giving access to professions with high skills requirements (level 5A)First stage of tertiary education, programmes which are practically oriented and occupationally specific (level 5B)Second stage of tertiary education leading to an advanced research qualification (level 6)Other level of education

sexTotalWomen

EU28

EU27_2020

EA19

BE

BG

CZ

DK

DE

EE

IE

EL

ES

FR

HR

IT

CY

LV

LT

LU

HU

MT

NL

AT

PL

PT

RO

SI

SK

FI

SE

IS

NO

CH

UK

ME

MK

RS

TR

BA

RU

time geo	2015	2014	2013	2012	2011	2010	2009	2008	2007	2006	2005	2004	2003	2002	2001	2000	1999	1998	1997	1996	1995	1994	1993	1992	1991	1990	1989	1988	1987	1986	1985	1984	1983	1982	1981	1980
EU28	4373537(e)		4154586		3967634	3793265(e)	3662671(e)		3451996(e)		3198490(e)		3029939(e)
EU27_2020	3703251(e)		3544310		3401865	3268932(e)	3155147(e)		2952805(e)		2728293(e)
EA19	3074468(e)		2945968		2838074		2623281(e)		2445077(e)		2229154(e)		2105618(e)
BE	113576		100423		94424	88803	88770	86746	83540	80538	78509	76340	73629	73187
BG	29591	25484	22307	21677	20810	20823	21971	20097	19933	18994	18638	18025	17400	16847	16671	16853	18451	21766	21908	31942	30663	31924	54324	57655	88733	112158	107301	100731	96471	91168	90308	87329	83291	81207	78477	72335
CZ	100128	97353	92714	87528	82283	77903	75788	74508	73081	69162	65379	60148	55699	53695	51939	53506	52716	51198	52245	49921	47455
DK	85482(p)	84387	85165	84999	85491	84562	83931	83883	68386(b)	68335	67267	65994	60525	61915	59811	56068	54796		52451		50726		43851		41326		42610		39268		35945
DE	915857		860842		835127		777327		721712		673414		664731
EE	9889	10492	10284	10205	10131	10074	9904	9621	9276	8792	7955	7882	7600	6921	6818	6531	6559	6562
IE	49235		41088	16587	36214	33630(e)	33875	32551	30856	29954	28270	26584	25194	24486	24220	21094
EL	96018		82684		70229(b)						61454		56708		55626		57108		43252		36385		30545		21989
ES	338179	332871	333134	342901	353911	360229	358803	352611	331192	309893	282804	267943	249969	232019	209011		178189		155117		147046	134587	122275	119440	115274	108546	99819	87797
FR		575830	575351	565912	542447	523648(b)	478857	471975	447391	452924	429387	424588	415061	409167(bd)	390631(e)	381609(e)		381098	378678	370083	365424	361695	356584	355987	341838	333278	330044
HR	17358	16548	17003	16881	17258	18459	18102	17528	17058	16377	16027	19739	17216	16515
IT	389604	371117	372444	364315	347005	348215	354513	353267	334503	306088	277370	255535	249889	253084	236077	228702	215562	221084		185641	183812	183850	179557	179740	179900	179978	176649	170003	160434	152548	146976
CY	2921	2958	2997	2737	2793	2628	2591	2475	2495	2534	2470	2235	2102	1937	1733	1630	1520	1292
LV	11283	11072	10326	10790	10108	9174	9155	10688	11076	10735	9488	8273	8002	9153	8414	8229	6245	6101	6046	6056	6850	6918	8737	7234	13266	17733
LT	21739	24470	22751	22103	22391	18913	18483	18598	18467	16379	16323	16436	14534	13540	14980	14592	15296	15561	15436	16067
LU	6505		5740		6070		5749		5551(e)		5015		4135
HU	56235	57185	58237	56486	55386	53991	52522	50279	49485	50411	49723	49615(b)	48681(d)	48727(d)	45676(d)	45325	42088(d)	41317(d)	39626(d)	37286(d)	38088(d)	39810(d)	40999(d)	43879(d)	51218(d)	59723(d)	68242(d)	72515(d)	75429(d)	77663(d)	77684(d)	78396(d)	78388(d)	80082(d)	83312(d)	85356
MT	2375	2311	2230	2314	2133	1807	1567	1690	1550	1580	1492	1329(b)	975	1121
NL	186762	189037	185246	185059(b)	172105(b)	127154	105217	117372	113723	121531	116982	122801	112027(b)	114259	114106	114719	114627
AT	126171		117043		107949		96502		89458	83966		74191		65725				52956
PL	157921	153475	145635	139653	134551	129792	120923	119682	121623	121283	123431	127356	126241	122987	123840	125614	126000	128231	128396	128211	120004	117823
PT	103291	96952	95347	92977	94077	91917	88532	87565(b)	62752	53669(e)	44585	44311(e)	44036	41601(e)	39163	38018(e)	36872	33143	29413	27219(e)	25024	24042(e)	22644(e)	21607	20280(e)	18953	17901(e)	16849	16376(e)	15903	14819(e)	13734	12729(e)	11723
RO	43448	42963	43375	42674	42363(b)	39065	42420	43502	42484	40758	41035	40725	39985	38433	37696	37241	48113	57125	57714	62297	63329	65114	76001
SI	20633	21053	21272	20967	21548(b)	17972	17045	16243(b)	14311	13521	12600	10155	9506	12379	12349	12220	12286	11908	11586	12717	12416	12097	10359(b)
SK	28752	28825	27823	28880	28596	28128	25388	23641	23437	23120	22294	22217	20928	21025	21997	22256	22467	24718	24818	24113	23942	24896
FI	76090	77306	78943	79372	80817	79979	79475	79289	79507	79911	77275	76687	74773	73121	69788	68813	66965	60890	55490		47866		42508		46181		38840		34312
SE	138620(e)		133906(e)		125648(e)		116209(be)		115678(bde)		117639(be)		108146		110291		107521		104322		97955		79603(b)						66863
IS	5766		4905(b)		4792(b)		5111	5739	5492	6169	5724		5466	4970	5218	4670(e)	4121	3821	3640		2889		2702		2180
NO	76557	71947	68204	66085	64717	63876	64126	62655	59132		53826		50675	50613	48333		43828		43894		40821		33876		31151		31862		25771		24182
CH				117457				100164				84090				86990				77810
UK	670286(e)	646201(e)	610276(e)	580452(e)	565769(e)	524333(e)	507524(e)		499191(e)		470197(e)
ME	2356(d)	2339	2230		2134
MK	4286			2773	2227	2645	2413	2746	2952	2939	3143
RS	23629	21880	21044	19646	19742	19341	20067	19321
TR	224284	213686(e)	196321(e)	184301(e)	164287(e)	147417(e)	135043(e)	125142(e)	119738(e)	105032(e)	97355(e)	86680(e)	83281(e)	79958(e)	75960(e)	76074(e)	66330(e)	62181(e)	63601(e)	58315(e)	51193(e)	46643(e)	44349(e)	39817(e)	38323(e)
BA		3189	2167	1705
RU	738857	732274(e)	727029(e)	727263(e)	735273(e)	736540(e)	742433(e)	761252(e)	801135(e)	807066(e)	813207(e)	839338(e)	858470(e)	870878(e)	885568(e)	887729	872363	855190	934637	990743	1061044	1106250	1315008	1532618	1677784	1943432	2215637

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