This indicator shows the ratio of the average number of publications of an active woman author to that of an active man author. Active authors are defined as those who either (1) produced 10 or more papers in the last 20 years (2000-2019) and at least one paper in the last five years or (2) produced four or more papers in last five years.
The indicator is disaggregated by field of research and development and seniority level.
Available flags:
b | break in time series | c | confidential |
d | definition differs, see metadata | e | estimated |
f | forecast | i | see metadata |
m | imputed | n | not significant |
p | provisional | r | revised |
s | Eurostat estimate | u | low reliability |
x | dropped due to insufficient sample size | y | unreliable due to small sample size |
z | not applicable |