F8c. Gender pay gap based on gross hourly male and female wages, full-time and part-time employees of all sectors and separate for the private and public sectors bpfa_f__bpfa_f8c

Time format:
Years
Unit:
Percentage of male wages (comparable)
Specific keywords:
Beijing, BPfA, Economy, Gender pay gap
AT
PRIVATE
AT
PUBLIC
EE
PRIVATE
EE
PUBLIC
FR
PRIVATE
FR
PUBLIC
EL
TOTAL
EL
PRIVATE
EL
PUBLIC
IE
PRIVATE
IE
PUBLIC
LU
PRIVATE
LU
PUBLIC
MT
PRIVATE
MT
PUBLIC
RO
PUBLIC
CY
PUBLIC
LU
TOTAL
BE
PUBLIC
PL
PUBLIC
RO
TOTAL
IT
PUBLIC
IT
TOTAL
BE
TOTAL
PL
TOTAL
SI
TOTAL
BE
PRIVATE
ES
PUBLIC
SE
PUBLIC
PT
TOTAL
ES
TOTAL
HR
PUBLIC
HR
TOTAL
IE
TOTAL
SE
PRIVATE
CY
TOTAL
MT
TOTAL
DE
PUBLIC
SI
PRIVATE
RO
PRIVATE
SE
TOTAL
DK
PUBLIC
NL
PUBLIC
SI
PUBLIC
LT
TOTAL
BG
PRIVATE
LT
PUBLIC
DK
PRIVATE
BG
TOTAL
LT
PRIVATE
PT
PUBLIC
HR
PRIVATE
ES
PRIVATE
PL
PRIVATE
NL
TOTAL
PT
PRIVATE
SK
PUBLIC
FR
TOTAL
HU
PRIVATE
BG
PUBLIC
FI
TOTAL
FI
PRIVATE
IT
PRIVATE
FI
PUBLIC
CZ
PUBLIC
DK
TOTAL
HU
PUBLIC
HU
TOTAL
SK
TOTAL
DE
TOTAL
SK
PRIVATE
CZ
TOTAL
LV
PUBLIC
LV
PRIVATE
AT
TOTAL
CY
PRIVATE
NL
PRIVATE
CZ
PRIVATE
EE
TOTAL
LV
TOTAL
DE
PRIVATE
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
AT
PRIVATE
19.2
20.9
22.6
24.6
AT
PUBLIC
17.5
18.1
20.1
19.6
EE
PRIVATE
23.1
EE
PUBLIC
20.8
FR
PRIVATE
14.8
17.4
15.3
16.4
FR
PUBLIC
10.8
17.2
20.1
13.2
EL
TOTAL
13.6
13.5
10.4
12.5
15
22
21.5
EL
PRIVATE
15.9
17.2
16.4
17.3
EL
PUBLIC
13.4
7.7
13
16.4
IE
PRIVATE
17.6
20
19.7
19.5
19.2
20.4
21.6
19.9
21.4
IE
PUBLIC
3.7
6.1
9.6
7.3
10.4
11.3
12.1
13.2
12.5
LU
PRIVATE
6.9
10.3
12.7
10.9
10.9
13
15.1
LU
PUBLIC
-4.9
-3.3
-0.4
9.3
9.3
9.8
10.2
MT
PRIVATE
15.7
11.9
12
15.5
11.1
MT
PUBLIC
8.8
-1.3
-1.6
-3.6
-2.9
RO
PUBLIC
2.9
0.7
-0.6
-1.4
-1.2
-1.4
3.6(e)
8.7(e)
11.6(e)
12.3
12.8
16.5
21.3
21
12.8
11.3
10.9
CY
PUBLIC
-4.1
-2.6
-2
-1.5
-0.9
-0.3
-1.8
-3.4
-5.2
-4.7
-3.3
-2.1
-0.9
0.3
0.1
0
LU
TOTAL
-0.9
-0.7
-0.2
0.3
0.9
1.4
2.6
3.9
4.7
5.4
6.2
7
7.9
8.7
9.2
9.7
10.2
BE
PUBLIC
-0.5
-0.8
-0.4
0.5
1.4
2.1
1.6
1.3
1
0.3
-0.5
-1.3
-2
-2.6
-3
-3
-3.5
PL
PUBLIC
1
1
0.2
-0.6
1.6
3.8
2.8
2.8
3.4
3.9
3.8
3.7
1.9
0.1
3.6
7
10.5
RO
TOTAL
3.8
1.5
1.4
0.9
2.6
2.2
2.9(e)
4.8(e)
5.6(e)
4.5
4.9
6.9
9.6
8.8
7.4
8.5
12.5
IT
PUBLIC
-0.2
3.9
4.9
3.7
3.6
4.4
4.1
4.4
2.9
3.7
6.3
5.6
3.4
4.5
6.5
6.7
6.2
IT
TOTAL
2.2
3.8
4.7
4
4.6
5.5
5
5.3
5.5
6.1
7
6.5
5.7
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.1
BE
TOTAL
0.7
0.7
1.8
3.2
4.7
5.8
5.8
6
6.4
6.6
7.5
8.3
9.4
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.1
PL
TOTAL
7.8
7.8
6.2
4.5
6.5
8.5
7
7.1
7.3
7.7
7.1
6.4
5.5
4.5
8
11.4
14.9
SI
TOTAL
5.4
6.8
2.7
2.4
7.5
9.3
8.4
8.1
8.2
7
6.3
4.5
3.3
0.9
-0.9
4.1
5
BE
PRIVATE
6.1
6.3
6.8
7.6
8.5
9
9
9.1
9.6
9.6
10.6
11.8
12.8
13.9
13.9
14.1
14.1
ES
PUBLIC
7
7
9.4
9.2
8.6
10.3
10.7
14.3
12.4
13.3
13.6
14.3
13
12.3
11.4
11.6
12.4
SE
PUBLIC
7.5
7.4
7.6
8
8.7
9.2
9.7
10.1
11.7
11.7
11.9
13
13.3
14.5
14.3
15
PT
TOTAL
8.6
6.3
7.1
8.3
9.4
8.9
10.8
13.9
16
14.9
13.3
15
12.9
12.8
10
9.2
8.5
ES
TOTAL
9.2
9.2
9.3
9.3
9.6
11.9
13.5
14.8
14.1
14.9
17.8
18.7
17.6
16.2
16.7
16.1
18.1
HR
PUBLIC
5
5.3
6.7
9.7
9.8
11.4
11.4
11.7
13.8
13.3
12.6
HR
TOTAL
7.4
7.7
7.3
8.7
10.2
11.4
12.3
11.6
8.7
7.7
5.7
IE
TOTAL
8.6
9.3
9.9
9
10.3
11.3
14.4
14.2
13.9
13.9
12.9
12.2
12.7
13.9
12.6
12.6
17.3
SE
PRIVATE
9.5
9.7
10
9.9
10.3
11.5
11.9
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.8
13.4
13.7
13.1
13.8
14.8
CY
TOTAL
12.2
11.9
11
9.9
10.5
10.4
11.2
12.3
13.2
14.2
14.9
15.6
16.1
16.8
17.8
19.5
22
MT
TOTAL
5.1
5.8
7.2
7.9
10.5
13
13.2
11.6
10.7
10.6
9.7
9.5
7.7
7.2
7.7
9.2
7.8
DE
PUBLIC
11.9
12.1
9
9.8
10.8
12.1
12.3
12.7
13.3
13.8
13.4
14.1
13.9
13.9
14.4
16
SI
PRIVATE
7.4
10.1
10.3
8.2
10.9
12.4
11.1
9.9
8.7
9.8
9.7
9.5
9.7
8.9
8.5
12.2
13.3
RO
PRIVATE
9.1
6.7
8.8
9.1
11
10.2
7.6(e)
7.2(e)
6.2(e)
4.6
3.1
3.9
3
4.9
8.5
11.6
12.3
SE
TOTAL
11.2
10.4
10.3
10.5
11.1
12.1
12.5
13.3
14
13.8
14.6
15.5
15.6
15.4
15.7
16.9
17.8
DK
PUBLIC
10.8
11.9
11.1
11.4
11.4
12.1
11.9
11.7
12
12.1
12.6
13.6
12.9
17.8
14.5
15.1
NL
PUBLIC
9.8
10.9
11.6
12
12.2
12.2
12.7
12.7
13
14.4
15.6
16.3
16.9
18.4
18.6
18.6
19.4
SI
PUBLIC
11.8
10.6
4.4
7.4
12.2
13.9
12.5
12.3
11.6
12.7
11.4
8.9
8.2
2.3
1.7
4.8
4.5
LT
TOTAL
11.5
10.5
10.9
12.3
12.9
14
15.2
14.4
14.2
13.3
12.2
11.9
11.5
11.9
15.3
21.6
22.6
BG
PRIVATE
15.6
14.5
14.5
12.9
13.4
11.9
12.2
12
13.3
12.5
12.8
12.9
11.2
11.6
11.9
11.5
10.6
LT
PUBLIC
9.2
7.9
8.9
10.5
13.7
11.8
12.5
12.5
13.8
13.7
12.6
12.4
11.6
17.3
13.1
17.3
13.7
DK
PRIVATE
13.2
13
13.7
13.7
13.9
14
14.8
15.5
14.9
16.1
16.2
17.5
18.3
14
16.6
16.1
BG
TOTAL
13.5
12.6
11.9
12.5
14
13.9
14.3
14.6
15.5
14.2
14.1
15.1
13.2
13
13.3
12.3
12.1
LT
PRIVATE
12.5
11.7
13.2
15
14
15.1
16.4
18.1
17.7
16.6
16
16.2
16.1
11.6
20.5
23.5
25.2
PT
PUBLIC
6
5.2
8.3
11.1
14
17.8
16.4
15.6
14.7
13.6
12
13.3
11.4
10.1
12.1
10
10.8
HR
PRIVATE
13.4
13.3
13.4
15.3
14.1
14
12.4
10.7
9.9
8.9
6.3
ES
PRIVATE
14.1
14.1
13.5
13.9
14.1
16.2
17
18.5
18.7
17.8
21.1
21.9
21.4
20.3
19.6
18.8
20.4
PL
PRIVATE
13.9
13.9
13.4
13
14.4
15.7
15.4
15.7
16.8
17.9
17
16.1
16.7
17.2
19.2
21.2
23.2
NL
TOTAL
12.5
14
14.3
14.7
14.9
14.7
15.1
15.6
16.1
17
17.2
18
18.8
17.8
18.5
18.9
19.3
PT
PRIVATE
17.7
15.3
15.4
15.2
15.3
16
17.7
19.4
21.2
22.8
21.1
25.6
23
24.1
21.9
22.7
21.4
SK
PUBLIC
13.1
13.4
11.2
9.9
15.4
14.1
12.9
12.3
13.2
12.9
13.7
15
16.4
14.9
15.8
16.1
FR
TOTAL
12.2
12.8
13.7
15
16
16.7
16.3
15.9
15.6
15.5
15.5
15.6
15.7
15.6
15.2
16.9
17.3
HU
PRIVATE
17.8
17.8
16.9
15.7
16
15.9
17.3
15
13.4
15.6
15
16.3
15.3
16.2
15.8
17.2
17.1
BG
PUBLIC
7.4
6.9
7.2
11.8
16.3
20
21.4
22.9
23.7
21.7
19.2
22.1
20.5
21.5
22.4
20.3
21.7
FI
TOTAL
16.8
16
16.9
16.9
16.7
16.9
17.1
17.5
17.5
18.4
18.8
19.2
19.1
20.3
20.8
20.5
20.2
FI
PRIVATE
17.2
15.6
16.6
16.9
16.7
16.5
16.8
17.7
17.4
17.6
17.9
18.3
17.6
19.2
20.2
19.7
IT
PRIVATE
16.7
15.9
15.8
16.7
17.1
17.7
20.7
17.9
19
19.6
19.9
18.2
17.7
17.5
17.6
17.1
17.6
FI
PUBLIC
16.2
16.7
17.7
17.2
17.4
17.4
18.4
18.1
19
19
18.4
19.3
17.4
19.4
20.3
20.7
CZ
PUBLIC
16.3
16.4
13.2
14.5
17.5
19.3
20
20.3
20.8
20.7
21.3
21.5
21.4
20
22.1
23.3
DK
TOTAL
14
13.8
14.2
13.8
17.7
14.6
14.8
15.1
15.1
16
16.5
16.8
16.4
17.1
16.8
17.1
17.7
HU
PUBLIC
19.7
17.3
17.7
16.3
17.8
12.3
13.8
11.8
13.5
11
22.4
24.4
20.5
20
17.9
17.5
15.9
HU
TOTAL
17.8
17.5
17.2
17.1
18.2
14.2
15.9
14
14
15.1
18.4
20.1
18
17.6
17.1
17.5
16.3
SK
TOTAL
15.7
16.8
16
15.4
18.2
19.8
20.1
19.2
19.7
19.7
18.8
20.8
20.1
19.6
21.9
20.9
23.6
DE
TOTAL
17.6
17.7
17.6
18.3
19.2
20.1
20.4
21.1
21.8
22.3
22.1
22.7
22.4
22.3
22.6
22.8
22.8
SK
PRIVATE
17.9
17.9
18
18.5
19.2
20.8
21.8
20.7
21
21.7
20.6
22.5
20.7
21
23.7
22.1
CZ
TOTAL
18
18.4
15.4
16.7
19.3
20.1
21.1
21.5
22.5
22.5
22.3
22.5
22.6
21.6
25.9
26.2
23.6
LV
PUBLIC
13.8
13.4
14.2
17.5
19.3
19
17.8
19.7
20.8
20.2
20.5
19.1
18.3
16.8
13.7
13.3
12.7
LV
PRIVATE
16.9
18.2
15.6
21
19.5
16.9
18
17.2
15.7
14.3
12.8
12.7
13.2
15.8
15.9
14.8
16.1
AT
TOTAL
18.3
18.7
19.1
19.2
20
20.4
20.7
20.8
21.8
22.2
22.3
22.9
23.5
24
24.3
25.1
25.5
CY
PRIVATE
21.6
21.1
20.5
19.7
20
20.1
21
21.8
22.8
23.5
23.8
24.1
24.9
25.3
26.8
27.5
NL
PRIVATE
17.8
21
20.9
21
21
22.9
22.8
22.7
22.4
24.7
24
23.8
23.9
18
18.8
19.3
19.7
CZ
PRIVATE
19.8
20.4
19.4
20.3
21.6
21.9
22.3
22.5
23.4
23.5
23.1
23.4
23.3
23.3
26.5
26.1
EE
TOTAL
16.9
21.1
20.3
21
21.6
21.8
24.9
24.8
26.7
28.1
29.8
29.9
27.3
27.7
26.6
27.6
30.9
LV
TOTAL
19
18.9
15.9
23.2
21.6
19.6
19.8
19.7
18.4
17.3
16
14.9
14.1
15.5
13.1
11.8
13.6
DE
PRIVATE
19.5
19.9
22.2
22.7
22.9
22.8
23.1
24.1
24.6
25.3
25.1
25.4
25.7
25.8
25.8
26.2

Available flags:

b break in time series c confidential
d definition differs, see metadata e estimated
f forecast i see metadata
m imputed n not significant
p provisional r revised
s Eurostat estimate u low reliability
x dropped due to insufficient sample size y unreliable due to small sample size
z not applicable