European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE)

Gender-based Violence Team

Cristina Fabre Rosell

Gender-based Violence Team Leader

Gedimino pr. 16, Vilnius, Lithuania

EIGE.SEC@eige.europa.eu

+370 5 215 7400

Not available.

30/01/2025

30/01/2025

30/01/2025

The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) has developed 13 indicators on intimate partner violence and domestic violence. Between 2023 and 2024, the indicators were used to collect national administrative data from the police and justice sectors in the EU-27 Member States, except for Slovakia.

The nine police sector indicators developed by EIGE include:

1. Annual number of [female and total] victims of [intimate partner / domestic / any] violence, as recorded by the police
2. Annual number of reported offences of [intimate partner / domestic / any] violence against [female and total] victims, as recorded by the police
3. Annual number of male perpetrators of [intimate partner / domestic / any] violence against [female and total] victims, as recorded by the police
4. Annual number of [female and total] victims of [intimate partner / domestic / any] physical violence, as recorded by the police
5. Annual number of [female and total] victims of [intimate partner / domestic / any] psychological violence, as recorded by the police
6. Annual number of [female and total] victims of [intimate partner / domestic / any] sexual violence, as recorded by the police
7. Annual number of [female and total] victims of [intimate partner / domestic / any] economic violence, as recorded by the police
8. Annual number of [female and total] victims of [intimate partner / domestic / any] rape, as recorded by the police
9. Annual number of [female and total] victims of [intimate partner / domestic / any] [femicide/homicide], as recorded by the police

The four justice sector indicators developed by EIGE include:

10. Annual number of protection orders [applied for and granted] in cases of [intimate partner / domestic / any] violence against [female and total] victims
11. Annual number of male perpetrators prosecuted for [intimate partner / domestic / any] violence against [female and total] victims
12. Annual number of male perpetrators sentenced for [intimate partner / domestic / any] violence against [female and total] victims
13. Number of male perpetrators held in prison or with a sanction involving a form of deprivation of liberty for [intimate partner / domestic / any] violence against [female and total] victims on December 31st of each year

Further details on the data collection indicators, tool, and methodology used to collect data for the 2023-2024 data collection exercise are described in the methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).

No classification system applies. For statistical concepts and definitions, and for statistical units, refer to the sections below.

Not applicable.

Statistical concepts and definitions differ across countries and are included in the Excel files where available. Details on the main concepts and definitions adopted by EIGE for the purposes of this data collection exercise are described below.

EIGE requested data on intimate partner violence, domestic violence, and violence in any relationship:

• Intimate partner violence refers to as ‘any act of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occurs between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence with the victim’.
• Domestic violence refers to as ‘all acts of physical, sexual, psychological or economic violence that occur within the family or domestic unit, irrespective of biological or legal family ties, or between former or current spouses or partners, whether or not the perpetrator shares or has shared the same residence as the victim’.
• Violence in any relationship refers to violence between all types of relationships that may exist between the victim and the perpetrator. This includes intimate partner and domestic relationships, relationships that are known and unknown by authorities and circumstances where no relationship exists between the victim and the perpetrator.

EIGE requested data on both female and total victims of violence:

• Female victims include victims that are described as female and/or as women or girls in data collection systems.
• Total victims include any and all victims, regardless of their sex / gender identity. This includes female victims, male victims and victims that identify as any other sex/gender.

EIGE requested data on offences relating to the following forms of violence:

• Physical violence refers to any act which causes physical harm as a result of unlawful physical force. Physical violence can take the form of, among others, serious and minor assault, deprivation of liberty, and manslaughter.
• Sexual violence refers to any sexual act performed on the victim without consent. Sexual violence can take the form of rape or sexual assault.
• Psychological violence refers to any act or behaviour which causes psychological harm to the partner or former partner. Psychological violence can take the form of, among others, coercion, defamation, verbal insult or harassment.
• Economic violence refers to any act or behaviour which causes economic harm to an individual. Economic violence can take the form of, for example, property damage, restricting access to financial resources, education or the labour market, or not complying with economic responsibilities, such as the payment of alimony.
• Rape refers to sexual penetration, whether vaginal, anal or oral, using object or body parts, without consent, using force, coercion or by taking advantage of the vulnerability of the victim.
• Femicide refers to the killing of a woman or girl due to gender-based violence. Due to the lack of availability on femicide, Member States shared data on intentional and/or non-intentional homicide against women.

Further details on the definitions used for the data collection exercise can be found in the report ‘Methodological Guidance: Administrative data collection on violence against women and domestic violence’.

Indicators 1 and 4-9 collect data on the annual number of victims of different forms of intimate partner violence, domestic violence, and violence in any relationship. A ‘victim’ is a person who has suffered harm, including physical, mental or emotional harm or economic loss, which was directly caused by a criminal offence.

Indicator 2 collects data on the annual number of reported offences, which are criminal incidents recorded by police forces.

Indicators 3 and 11-13 collect data on number of male perpetrators reported, sentenced, prosecuted, and held in prison or with a sanction involving a form of deprivation of liberty for intimate partner violence, domestic violence, and violence in any relationship.

• Indicator 3: Perpetrators are persons brought into formal contact with the police and suspected/arrested or cautioned for a criminal offence.
• Indicator 11: Perpetrators prosecuted are alleged offenders against whom prosecution commenced in the reporting year. Persons may be prosecuted by the public prosecutor or the law enforcement agency responsible for prosecution, at the national level, irrespective of the case-ending decision.
• Indicator 12: Perpetrators sentenced are persons found guilty by any legal body authorised to pronounce a conviction under national criminal law, whether or not the conviction was later upheld.
• Indicator 13: Perpetrators held in prison or with a sanction involving a form of deprivation of liberty are persons held in prisons, penal institutions, correctional institutions, or another form of detention after a final decision on their case has been made by a competent authority. This indicator collects data on the number of perpetrators as of December 31^st of each year, while all other indicators focus on the calendar year.

Indicator 10 collects data on protection orders, which are legal injunctions that require an offender to refrain from doing certain acts and to stay away from the victim. Protection orders can be adopted under criminal or civil laws.

Further details on the statistical units corresponding to each indicator can be found in the report ‘Methodological Guidance: Administrative data collection on violence against women and domestic violence’.

For administrative data, the statistical population for each statistic is the complete register (all the relevant records).

Data has been collected for all EU-27 countries, with the exception of Slovakia.

Administrative data has been collected for years 2014 to 2022. However, data availability varies across countries. Further details on time coverage for each indicator can be found in the methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).

Not applicable.

No legal acts were applicable at the time of the data collection exercise. However, two separate legal instruments provided a broader mandate for countries to collect data on violence against women:

1. The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention). Chapter 4 (Articles 18 – 28) of the Convention stipulates actions for the protection of women and support of victims, and Article 11 foresees data collection and research on all forms of violence;
2. Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime, and replacing Council Framework Decision 2001/220/JHA (2012/29/EU). While the Directive is concerned with victims of crime in general, it defines violence against women as a specific form of gender-based violence requiring Member States to provide specialist support for survivors.

No institutional mandates were applicable at the time of the data collection exercise. However, in May 2024, the EU adopted Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence. Article 44 establishes that Member States must work with EIGE to collect administrative data on these forms of violence and must adhere to common standards.

Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.

No administrative information such as names or addresses that would allow direct identification, is published. Anonymity is preserved in the aggregate data.

There is no fixed release calendar. Data was collected in 2023 and 2024 and published in 2025 via the EIGE Gender Statistics Database.

Not applicable.

Data is disseminated to all types of users simultaneously via the EIGE Gender Statistics database.

No regular news release.

The collection of national administrative data on intimate partner violence and domestic violence is part of ongoing efforts by EIGE to provide information and statistics on violence against women across the European Union. EIGE has published the following reports relating to the 2023-2024 data collection exercise.

• Methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).
• Methodological Guidance: Administrative data collection on violence against women and domestic violence

Data is disseminated on EIGE Gender Statistics database. Individual country profiles displaying data with in-depth analysis for each Member State (apart from Slovakia) can be accessed on EIGE’s website.

Not applicable.

Data is made available in EIGE's Gender Statistics database and can be found under its ‘Gender-based violence’ entry point, in the sub-theme dedicated to intimate partner violence.

The individual country profiles displaying data with in-depth analysis for each Member State (apart from Slovakia) can be accessed here.

The documentation of the methodology can be found in the methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).

Information on all aspects of data quality are accessible in the report methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).

Data is collected from National Statistical Institutes or national authorities responsible for collecting data on intimate partner violence and domestic violence, such as ministries, the police or the judiciary. These sources are systematically recorded in the Excel files based on comprehensive instructions ensuring consistent data collection. The administrative data is also validated with the national contact from the relevant organisation.

Administrative data on intimate partner violence and domestic violence needs to be viewed bearing in mind the different data collection processes to record the data. In this sense, there is limitation on the extent to which data is comparable between countries.

The quality of the administrative data is dependent on how well national administrative data collection processes are established, the extent to which the data is published as well as the extent to which metadata (explanatory information) is made available. For instance, good quality data is available for those countries that have well-established data collection processes with built-in quality assurance and regularly publish the data alongside elaborate metadata. Whilst in countries in which data collection is not well-established (e.g. clerical data entry without data validation) and where publication of statistics occurs on an ad-hoc basis (sometimes by different organisations) with no explanatory information, the quality of data is poor. The available data is considered to be of good quality for most countries as it was collected from reliable sources.

Findings from EIGE’s 2023–2024 data collection exercise underscore the persistent threat of intimate partner violence and domestic violence to the safety and well-being of women in the EU.

The collection of robust administrative data on intimate partner violence and domestic violence is essential to ensure effective policymaking and resource allocation and the development of targeted interventions to support victims and prevent further violence.

In May 2024, the EU adopted Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence. Article 44 establishes that Member States must work with EIGE to collect administrative data on these forms of violence and must adhere to common standards. EIGE remains committed to supporting Member States in their efforts to collect comprehensive, reliable data on violence against women and domestic violence.

No user satisfaction surveys are carried out.

Gaps in the data for Indicators 1–13 occur when data is not available in some Member States or is not available for some years.

Further details on the completeness of data are available in the methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).

In principle, national administrative data on intimate partner violence and domestic violence accurately reflects the situation in each country. It should be noted, however, that the coverage is restricted to administrative data provided by relevant national sources which are in turn restricted to the quality of national data collection processes and methodologies. This could potentially affect the overall accuracy of the data.

In addition, the administrative data is only able to report registered victims and offenders. If an offence took place but it is not registered because public institutions were not involved (e.g. no complaint was made), it will not be included in the statistics.

Further details on factors that affect the accuracy of the data collected during data collection exercise are listed below:

• Belgium (BE): Intimate partner violence and domestic violence data is probably undercounted for Indicators 1-9. This issue is less prominent for Indicator 4 (victims of physical violence); Recording the context of violence is mandatory according to specific circulars, but there is no technical requirement in the IT system for the justice sector data. If this context is missed during case encoding, it might lead to cases not being identified as intimate partner violence or domestic violence; Data for Indicator 11 (perpetrators prosecuted) is from public prosecutors’ offices. Cases involving minors are handled by youth prosecution offices (and are not included in the data shared with EIGE).
• Bulgaria (BG): For Indicator 1, domestic violence data may be missing due to the lack of a unified information system.
• Denmark (DK): There is not complete correspondence between the nature of the offences included in the data and the indicators as defined; The data covers Denmark, but not Greenland or the Faroe Islands; For Indicator 10 (protection orders), there is a higher risk of unidentified errors (as this data is not included in the Director of Public Prosecutions’ standard model for managing information).
• Germany (DE): There is no clear-cut practice for recording victims. All known cases, both solved and unsolved, are included in the data; Police data was collected by a national researcher from publicly available sources. Therefore, there is a risk of over and undercounting, duplicates and missing data and metadata.
• Ireland (IE): The Irish Central Statistics Office publishes crime statistics in the category ‘under reservation’. This categorisation indicates that the quality of these statistics does not meet the standards required of official statistics published by the statistics office.
• Greece (EL): For the indicators for which data was recorded by the police, domestic violence statistics refer to cases of domestic violence that have been reported to the Hellenic Police and for which a relevant case file has been compiled.
• Spain (ES): As not all information on perpetrators’ relationships with victims is available, not all the classifications indicated can be made. Data on intimate partner violence for Indicators 2, 3, 10 (partly) and 13 refers to gender-violence.
• France (FR): Over or under counting may have occurred due to mistakes in entering codes into the system. For example, undercounting where the protection order code is keyed in incorrectly (Indicator 10); For Indicator 10, figures include overseas territories – both overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, Réunion) and other territories (French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon) – but exclude Wallis and Futuna; For Indicators 11–13 (perpetrators prosecuted, sentenced and held in prison), figures include overseas departments.
• Croatia (HR): Data for the police sector indicators was collected by a national researcher from publicly available sources. Therefore, there is a risk of over and undercounting, duplicates and missing data; For Indicator 1 (victims), data on domestic relationship is based on annual reports by the Ombudsperson for Gender Equality. Data on violence in any relationship was extracted from the annual statistical reports of the Ministry of the Interior, which may not be comparable with data obtained from the ombudsperson.
• Italy (IT): Data was not validated by a data provider after being initially shared with EIGE. For this reason, metadata needed to evaluate the data have not been shared for all indicators.
• Cyprus (CY): Data was collected by a national researcher from publicly available sources. Therefore, there is a risk of over and undercounting, duplicates and missing data.
• Luxembourg (LU): Data that links specific victims to specific types of offences is not available. Further details on the impact that this has on the data is explained in the indicator-specific sections of this report.
• Hungary (HU): For Indicator 10 (protection orders), undercounting may occur as the data does not include protection orders granted for crimes committed in accordance with the Act IV of 1978 on the Criminal Code; For Indicator 12 (perpetrators sentenced), overcounting may occur. Since there is no data on types of relationship between victims and perpetrators, the crimes taken into account refer to any kind of crime.
• Malta (MT): For indicators focusing on victims of violence, under- and overcounting may occur.
• Netherlands (NL): Data for Indicator 6 (sexual violence) was retrieved by a national researcher from online publications.
• Poland (PL): Data is prepared according to the entity registering the proceedings (may include crimes committed abroad).
• Romania (RO): Data for several indicators does not cover information as presented in the ICCS codes.
• Finland (FI): Police do not record the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. The relationship information was retrieved by Statistics Finland from official registers. Therefore, an intimate partner relationship cannot be identified if a victim and perpetrator do not officially live together, are not married or do not have a common child; Police do not record data on victims of economic violence (e.g. theft); they collect data on plaintiffs only.
• Sweden (SE): Under- and overcounting of data is possible for the data on victims (Indicators 1 and 6-9).

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

The data refers to the years 2014-2022. The data was published in 2025.

The data was collected by EIGE between 2023 and 2024, and published in 2025.

The data shared by Member States should not be compared to data shared by other Member States. This is mainly due to differences regarding the counting rules used across the EU.

Member States may apply the principal offence rule when counting victims, recording only the most serious crime in cases with multiple offences. Overall, Member States lack a unified approach to applying this rule.

Different approaches were also used to count victims of multiple (serial) offences. Some Member States count victims of multiple offences as two or more victims while others count them as one victim.

The comparability of data between Member States is also limited due to differences in data collection procedures, characteristics of victims and perpetrators included, and the types of criminal offences included.

To improve the comparability of the data collected, EIGE has aligned the data collection exercise with the UNODC’s International Classification of Crime for Statistical Purposes (ICCS) framework. However, the criminal offences included in the data still differ across Member States.

Additional information on differences that hinder comparability are presented in the methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).

Factors that affect the comparability of the data over time are described below.

• Belgium (BE): For Indicator 6 (victims of sexual violence), the figures on total victims of domestic violence decrease notably between 2021 and 2022. The decrease is due to a change in the offence codes and labels (used by police officers to register offence). Previously, the labels specified the link between perpetrator and victim. Unfortunately, some new labels do not mention the relationship; In the justice sector, as a result of the deployment of a MACH IT system to replace the REA/TPI system (2018–2019), some public prosecutors’ offices saw intimate partner violence and domestic violence decrease drastically. This was due to the inadequate encoding of the context in the new system.

• Czech Republic (CZ): For police indicators, a significant change in the recording and counting of victims occurred in 2019. For this reason, data for the police sector indicators is only available from 2019 onwards; For the justice sector indicators, there was a change in the method of data collection in 2022, so the data is not fully compatible with previous years.
• Denmark (DK): Changes in legislation may have affected the comparability of data over time.

• Germany (DE): For many police indicators, not all offences have been consistently included in the data across all years. Variations in the offences included or excluded over time affect the year-to-year changes in the figures; For Indicator 1, the data in the category 'any relationships' from 2017 and 2018 is from a different source than the data for 2019-2022. It is unclear whether the data for 2017-2018 refer specifically to violence, or to crime more broadly as information is not available on the offences included in the data for 2017 and 2018.
• Ireland (IE): Data on crime detection and suspected perpetrators of violence in any relationship for Indicator 3 (perpetrators reported) is available only from 2018 onwards. Also for Indicator 3, improved governance measures for the classification of crimes were introduced in early 2018, which meant that data prior to and after this date was not comparable.
• Greece (EL): The comparability of data over time may have been impacted when, in 2019, the Greek police changed their method of recording data on domestic violence to include all relationships that fall under both intimate partner and domestic violence in accordance with the Istanbul Convention.
• Croatia (HR): For Indicator 1, the data on domestic violence was retrieved from reports published by the Ombudsperson for Gender Equality. However, the data on violence in any relationship was retrieved from reports published by the Ministry of Interior; For justice sector data, reporting practices changed due to legislative updates. There are also some inconsistencies and missing data due to the migration of data from one case management system to another (in 2015). In addition, in 2019, misdemeanour courts merged with municipal courts of general jurisdiction, so it is possible that there were errors in reporting.
• Lithuania (LT): For Indicators 2 (victims of domestic violence) and 3 (domestic violence offences), the steep decrease in figures between 2015 and 2016 and the increase in figures between 2016 and 2017 is due to upgrades to the software of the Criminal Offences Register and changes to the rules for entering data into the Register in 2016. Not all the indications of offences and suspected persons related to domestic violence could be fully entered into the Register by investigators at that time.
• Hungary (HU): For Indicator 13 (perpetrators held in prison), changes in data collection systems make it difficult to produce the same data content for all the years included in the questionnaire.
• Malta (MT): Data on the victim–perpetrator relationship was not collected in 2019, so the intimate partner violence data shared does not cover this year; Data on victims of intimate partner violence includes violence perpetrated by both current and former spouses/partners for all years except 2021 where the disaggregation for former intimate spouses/partners is not available.
• Netherlands (NL): For Indicator 6 (victims of sexual violence), data comparability may have been impacted in 2018 when the principal offence rule was removed.
• Poland (PL): Data may include crimes committed in the previous year and processed in the year for which the data was gathered.
• Romania (RO): The list of offences included in domestic violence was expanded in 2017 and 2020. In 2018, family violence was defined as domestic violence; in 2020, cyber violence was introduced as a form of domestic violence (this affects Indicators 1–3); Police data for 2014 covers 1 February to 31 December (not the calendar year); Regarding Indicator 13 (perpetrators held in prison), in 2014 the Penal Code was changed, which resulted in changes in the application of Law 217/2003 on combating and preventing domestic violence. Until 1 February, domestic violence was predominantly legislated by Law 217/2003; since the Penal Code changed to include acts of domestic violence (Article 199), its application has taken priority over that of Law 217/2003. This means that harsher sentences are given to perpetrators found guilty of forms of family violence (Article 199 of the Penal Code).
• Finland (FI): Sexual harassment was criminalised in 2014 as a separate offence, and new legislation on sexual offences entered into force in 2023 (the definition of rape is now based on consent). These changes may have increased the number of sexual offences reported to police, as more acts and forms of violence are now covered by law; There was a large spike in economic violence in 2020 in the category 'any relationships’. This led to a large spike in figures for Indicator 1, 2, and 5 in the category 'any relationships'.
• Sweden (SE): For Indicators 2-6: Only the years 2020 to 2022 are comparable and have detailed information on the relationship between perpetrators and victims. Statistics on the total number of crimes are available and comparable for the entire period from 2014 to 2022; For Indicator 8: The statistics have been expanded (more detailed) in steps for the years 2019, 2020 and 2022. This expansion has made the statistics more accurate, among other things with the aim of synchronizing the statistics to international standards. Because of these major changes, the statistics for the entire period 2014 to 2022 are not comparable; For Indicator 9: Basis for these statistics is collected through a special study. No information on perpetrator-victim partnership is retrieved for the years prior to 2017. No other family relationship information is retrieved for this study; For Indicator 11: Only the years 2020 to 2022 are comparable and have detailed information on the relationship between perpetrators and victims. Statistics on the total number of crimes are available and comparable for the entire period from 2014 to 2022.

Data for Indicators 1–13 may overlap with data previously collected by EIGE during the 2018–2020 administrative data collection exercise focusing on intimate partner violence. However, several differences can also be observed.

• Type of violence: The indicators used during the 2023-2024 data collection exercise included data on intimate partner violence, domestic violence and violence in ‘any relationship’, whereas the previous indicators focused solely on intimate partner violence.
• Sex of the victim: The refined indicators collect data on both female and total victims, whereas the previous indicators focused solely on female victims.
• Sex of the perpetrator: The indicators used during the previous data collection exercise focused solely on intimate partner violence committed by male perpetrators. However, only four indicators included requirements to provide the sex of the perpetrator during the 2023-2024 data collection exercise (Indicators 3 and 11–13).
• Age of the victim and perpetrator: None of the indicators used during the 2023 data collection exercise included requirements to provide the age of the victim or perpetrator, which were previously in place.

Internal coherence for data is limited due to differences in the data collection procedures and definitions used by the national sources in recording the incidence of offences.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.

EIGE's data on intimate partner violence and domestic violence was collected from national statistical institutions, and national authorities in the police and justice sectors, in charge of collecting and disseminating crime statistics on intimate partner violence and domestic violence. For several Member States, data for Indicator 6 (sexual violence), Indicator 8 (rape), and Indicator 9 (homicide) was shared by Eurostat.

Details on the specific sources used to collect data for each country can be found in Annexes 2 and 3 of the methodological report on EIGE’s data collection exercise on intimate partner violence and domestic violence (2023-2024).

There is no fixed data collection schedule at this stage. However, the Directive (EU) 2024/1385 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 on combating violence against women and domestic violence establishes that Member States must work with EIGE to collect administrative data on violence against women and domestic violence from 2027 onwards.

Data was collected for 26 out of 27 Member States. No data was collected for Slovakia.

Data was primarily shared with EIGE by national data providers in each Member State, with the support of national researchers. However, for three Member States, data was primarily retrieved from publicly available sources by national researchers (DE, HR, NL).

During the 2023-2024 data collection exercise, EIGE used a four-stage methodology to collect data on intimate partner violence and domestic violence across the EU.

•       Stage1: establish contacts. The first step of EIGE’s methodology involved the establishment of national focal points (data providers).
•       Stage2: retrieve data and fill in the tool. Next, national data providers filled in the data collection tool with the data requested. The data providers were supported by national researchers to ensure that the tool was filled in accurately and in a timely manner.
•       Stage3: validation. After data providers and national researchers had filled in the data collection tool to the best of their ability, the validation stage began. EIGE worked with national researchers and data providers to assure the quality of the data and metadata collected. As part of this process, EIGE used Eurostat data to complement three indicators in EIGE’s measurement framework (on sexual violence, rape and femicide).
•       Stage4: review progress and challenges. Finally, national researchers completed a questionnaire in which they provided insights on the main challenges and enabling factors encountered when collecting data using EIGE’s indicators.

See 20.3 – Stage 3: Validation.

Not applicable.

Not applicable.