European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication
DG COMM “Media Monitoring and Eurobarometer” Unit
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Rue de la Loi 56 / Wetstraat 56
1000 Bruxelles / Brussel
Postal address: building L56 - 1049 - Bruxelles / Brussel Belgique
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30/01/2025
30/01/2025
30/01/2025
Eurobarometers are public opinion surveys conducted regularly on behalf of the European Commission by contractors. Flash Eurobarometer surveys are ad-hoc thematic surveys, carried out within a short timespan on a wide variety of specific topics relevant to the activities of the European institutions. They are characterised by reliance on either telephone or online interviewing methods. Flash Eurobarometer surveys are mostly conducted in the EU Member States.
In 2024, 25,835 respondents from different social and demographic groups were interviewed for the flash Eurobarometer survey on gender stereotypes and violence against women (FL544). The fieldwork was conducted between 21 and 28 February 2024, and the report was published in November 2024.
Further information about this flash Eurobarometer can be retrieved from the dedicated webpage for this survey.
Each Eurobarometer survey uses predefined categories according to which responses are coded.
Results are weighted in a post-stratification process taking into account sex, age and region.
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The survey covers various forms of violence against women, however, these forms of violence are not defined within the report.
Proportion of respondents.
The survey covers the population of the European Union Member States, residents aged 18 years and over.
The regular sample size (in the sense of completed interviews) is 1,000 respondents per country, except in Luxembourg, Cyprus, and Malta with 500 interviews each.
Details on the actual number of interviews conducted in each country are specified in the survey report which is published on the dedicated webpage for this survey.
The data refers to the 27 Member States in the European Union.
Data derived from the survey reflects the most current opinion and perception of the citizens of the European Union Member States on gender stereotypes and violence against women.
The fieldwork for the flash Eurobarometer survey (FL544) was conducted between 21 and 28 February 2024.
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Indicators are expressed as percentages of all respondents that chose a particular answer to each question. The breakdowns are given by sex and, where relevant, other respondent characteristics.
The survey is non-recurrent. The measured observation refers to the current situation, refenced by the year of publication (2024), within the geographic area covered.
No legal acts are applicable. The survey was conducted at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers. The survey was coordinated by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Communication (DG COMM “Media Monitoring and Eurobarometer” Unit).
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Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 on European statistics (recital 24 and Article 20(4)) of 11 March 2009 (OJ L 87, p. 164), stipulates the need to establish common principles and guidelines ensuring the confidentiality of data used for the production of European statistics and the access to those confidential data with due account for technical developments and the requirements of users in a democratic society.
No administrative information such as names or addresses that would allow direct identification, is published. Anonymity is preserved in the aggregate data.
Not applicable for a flash Eurobarometer survey.
Not applicable for a flash Eurobarometer survey.
All Eurobarometer data is available free of charge for non-commercial use and can be downloaded from the European Data Portal.
There is no fixed frequency for dissemination. Flash Eurobarometer surveys are non-recurrent.
No regular news release.
Reports accompanying flash Eurobarometer surveys are based on ad-hoc thematic studies carried out for various services of the European Commission or other EU Institutions. There are no regular publication intervals for these reports.
The full list of Eurobarometer reports can be found at the European Commission's website.
All Eurobarometer data is available free of charge for non-commercial use and can be downloaded from the European Data Portal.
All Eurobarometer data is available free of charge for non-commercial use and can be downloaded from the European Data Portal.
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The methodology of the data collection exercise can be found in the report for the flash Eurobarometer survey 544 (FL544). The report includes a dedicated section describing the technical specifications for the survey.
The report is published on the dedicated webpage for this survey.
Information on all aspects of data quality is accessible online for each individual Eurobarometer via the European Data Portal.
In all countries, fieldwork was conducted based on detailed and uniform instructions.
Final results are checked for completeness, technical integrity and basic consistency of data and documentation.
No formal quality assessment has been run. However, overall, Eurobarometer surveys exhibit high-quality standards.
Conducting a survey to assess citizens' views on violence against women is crucial for several reasons. It provides insights into societal attitudes, identifies knowledge gaps, and informs targeted awareness campaigns. Additionally, the survey data can reveal public support for various measures, guiding policymakers in designing effective strategies. Overall, such a survey is essential for creating an informed and proactive society committed to combating violence against women.
No user satisfaction surveys are carried out.
The data refers to the 27 Member States in the European Union.
Percentages may not add up to 100%, as they are rounded to the nearest percent. Due to rounding, it may also happen that the percentages for separate response options do not exactly add up to the totals mentioned in the text.
Survey participants were asked whether they consider it acceptable or unacceptable for a man to occasionally slap his wife/girlfriend. For Lithuania, it should be noted that the translation used for ‘slapping’ may have been understood as less severe as the meaning in English, but no other word exists to translate ‘slapping’ in Lithuanian. This may explain why a higher percentage of respondents in Lithuania (32%) found the action acceptable in certain circumstances, compared to the average EU-27 Member State (4%).
Survey results are subject to sampling tolerances meaning that not all apparent differences between countries and sociodemographic groups may be statistically significant. Thus, only differences that are statistically significant (at the 5% level) – i.e. where it can be reasonably certain that they are unlikely to have occurred by chance – are highlighted.
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All fieldwork was carried out between 21 and 28 February 2024.
The findings of the survey were published nine months after field work was completed (in November 2024).
Coherence is a main priority in Eurobarometer surveys and therefore the variables have been implemented in a harmonised way based on detailed and uniform instructions. In addition, a common master questionnaire ensured semantic, conceptual and normative equivalence across all surveyed countries.
Topics for Flash Eurobarometer surveys depend on requests by the respectively responsible European Commission Directorate General. Hence, questions are not generally repeated.
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Internal coherence of the data (e.g. across countries) is ensured through careful application of a common methodology and validation of data at various stages of data analysis.
Ipsos European Public Affairs carried out flash Eurobarometer 544 at the request of the European Commission, Directorate-General for Justice and Consumers. There is no burden on Member States.
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The data is based on the flash Eurobarometer survey 544 (FL544) on gender stereotypes and violence against women.
Non-recurrent.
All interviews were carried out via Computer Assisted Web Interviewing (CAWI), using Ipsos online panels and their partner network. Respondents were selected from online access panels, groups of pre-recruited individuals who have agreed to take part in research.
Sampling quota were set based on age (18–24-year-olds, 25–34-year-olds, 35-44 year-olds, 45-54 year olds, 55-64 year-olds and 65+ year-olds), gender and geographic region (NUTS1, NUTS2 or NUTS 3, depending on the size of the country and the number of NUTS regions).
See section 12.1 on quality assurance.
Survey data are weighted to marginal age by gender population distributions using poststratification weighting. The EU27 are weighted according to the size of the 18+ population of each region/ country.
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