European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE)
European Institute for Gender Equality, Gedimino pr. 16, LT-01103 Vilnius, Lithuania
+370 5 215 7444
27/11/2024
The European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) Gender Statistics Database collects data on the numbers of women and men in key decision-making positions across a number of different life domains in order to provide reliable statistics that can be used to monitor the current situation and trends through time.
The domains covered include politics, public administration, judiciary, business and finance, social partners and NGOs, environment, media, science and research, sports, transport, COVID-19, and EU funding. The decision-making positions covered are specific to each area.
Data on national administrations cover level 1 and level 2 administrators in the government ministries of 38 countries. Data are also available broken down by BEIS typology (Basic, Economy, Infrastructure and Socio-cultural functions within the government). See mapping table National administrations: Ministries by BEIS type for the ministries covered under each BEIS category by country.
The women and men in decision-making (WMID) data are organised into life domains and then by types of organisations and the different decision-making positions within the hierarchy of each organisational type. The domains covered are:
Details of the organisations and positions covered are provided in the section on statistical concepts and definitions.
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General definitions:
A decision-making position is a position from which it is possible to take or influence a decision:
National administrations
Organisations covered:
Positions covered:
Mapping tables:
Notes:
The statistical unit in WMID data is the organisational unit as defined by each specific topic (e.g. a house of parliament or a large listed company). Data are then collected on the numbers of men and women occupying decision-making positions within that unit.
Data cover all persons occupying specified positions in the organisational units covered (see statistical concepts and definitions).
The WMID data cover the 27 EU Member States, United Kingdom, six EU candidate countries (including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania, Serbia and Türkiye), one potential candidate (Kosovo(*)) and the remaining three EEA countries (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway).
(*) This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo Declaration of Independence.
WMID data on national administrations were first collected in the 3rd quarter of 2003 for 26 countries. The geographic coverage of the database has expanded through time so for the countries listed below the time series starts in the period indicated:
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Number of persons and percentages.
Data on national administrations are collected on an annual basis. Typically, data are collected between July and December.
No legal acts are applicable. The Council of the European Union has committed to ongoing monitoring of the implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action and as part of this commitment the European Commission has been collecting data on decision-making since 2003, a task that has been taken over by EIGE since 2017.
The WMID database was managed by the European Commission until end 2016 and then transferred to EIGE.
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Generally, data are disseminated within one month of the data collection (see section on reference period). Data are published on the EIGE Gender Statistics database.
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Data are disseminated to all types of users simultaneously via the EIGE Gender Statistics database.
Annually.
No regular news release.
From 2017, EIGE will publish regular bulletins on gender statistics, which may cover data on decision-making. The European Commission's Annual Report on Equality usually includes a section on this topic.
Micro-data are not made available.
WMID data are the primary source of information for indicators to monitor the implementation of Area G of the Beijing Platform for Action.
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WMID data are collected either directly from the organisations covered or from umbrella organisations providing data on behalf of member organisations. The majority of data are collected from the websites or other publications produced by the organisations concerned but some are also collected from direct contacts. There are three main risks in the data collection: ensuring the right decision-making bodies and positions are identified; ensuring that the gender of the people in these positions is correctly recorded; and ensuring that the information is up-to-date.
The data are collected by a team of experienced researchers and are subject to routine validation that includes:
WMID data need to be viewed bearing in mind the inherent diversity of institutional and organisational structures and in the scope of decision-making responsibilities for nominally similar positions. In this sense, there will always be some limitations to the extent to which data can be considered as fully comparable between countries. That being said, the data are considered to be of good quality, collected from reliable sources and with careful application of a common methodology. The data are comprehensive (cover all relevant organisations) and complete (data are available for all relevant positions in each organisation covered) in the vast majority of cases.
WMID data are the primary source of information for indicators to monitor the implementation of Area G (Power and decision-making) of the Beijing Platform for Action. The data are therefore widely used by the European Commission (DG JUST) and the European Institute for Gender Equality for analysis in this area and for reporting to the Council of the European Union.
The data are also widely used by researchers in this area.
No user satisfaction surveys are carried out.
The completeness of WMID data depends on the extent to which the organisations covered openly publish, or are willing to share, information about their key decision-making personnel. In general, there is increasing pressure on organisations of all types to be completely transparent about their organisational structure and operational practices so that completeness of the data has improved through time.
In the case of national administrations, data are generally complete with the exceptions below:
In principle, the WMID data accurately describe the situation for the area of decision-making concerned, though in some areas the coverage of organisations is restricted in order to limit the cost burden and this could potentially impact on overall accuracy.
In the case of national administrations, data for some countries refer to situation in an earlier period as the most up-to-date information was not available. See details below:
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Data are released within one month of collection.
Punctuality is 100%.
WMID data are considered comparable between countries but it is necessary to bear in mind the different institutional settings that exist and the fact that decision-making structures vary between organisations within countries as well as between countries. There are, therefore, inherent differences between countries in the way that decision-making is organised but the WMID methodology aims to allow for such variation so that the organisations and positions covered in each country are as comparable as possible.
In the case of national administration, the names of the positions covered vary between countries and sometimes between ministries in the same country. In addition, there are differences in national administrative systems. For example, level 1 and level 2 in administrators correspond to different functions from a country to another and also between ministries within a country. Fixing “level 1” to refer to the first level below the political positions can result in big differences between countries where only the minister is counted as political and others where two or more tiers are considered political. This is visible for instance in the high differences in the average number of administrators covered by country. Depending on the institutional organisation in the country, this difference may be exacerbated further at the next level (level 2).
The data are broken down by BEIS typology (functions within government), and mapping tables with a list of positions covered at each level are published so that this difference can be taken into account. Apart from these points, the data are fully comparable between countries.
In general, WMID data are comparable through time in each area of decision-making. Nevertheless, it is necessary to bear in mind that the organisations covered and the decision-making structures within these may vary through time (e.g. government ministries may be reorganised following a change of government, and the constituents of the blue-chip indices used to define the sample of large listed companies are updated by the responsible stock exchange on a regular basis).
In the case of national administration, the number of ministries covered may vary over time due to organisational changes.
In addition, in 2009 the methodology was revised to provide clearer definitions of level 1 and level 2 administrators. This revision affects data for Estonia, Spain, Italy, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, and Finland. Subsequently, the following country-specific revisions of coverage were applied in the years specified below:
Data were not collected for the IPA beneficiaries (Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, Türkiye, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo) in 2024.
In general, there are few other sources of data on decision-making against which to assess the coherence of WMID data. Some national data exist for selected areas of decision-making but often the methodology is not the same (i.e. the coverage of organisations and/or positions within these varies) so that direct comparison is not possible.
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) compiles data on the numbers of men and women senior civil servants in Europe from official national sources. Data are published in the UNECE Statistical Database. UNECE data were collected every 5 years between 1980 and 2000, and annually thereafter until 2020. Data are however incomplete, with some countries for which data are available for few years only.
In addition, UNECE data cover senior level civil servants as defined according to ISCO-08, code 1112, which includes a wider range of positions and officials (e.g. government administrators, administrators at intergovernmental organisations, ambassadors, consul-general, etc.); thus coverage does not correspond to the senior administrators as defined in the WMID (which limits coverage to administrators in national ministries).
In addition, UNECE data do not distinguish between levels of seniority (level 1 and level 2). There is therefore no direct correspondence between the datasets.
Internal coherence of the data (e.g. through time or across countries) is ensured through careful application of the WMID methodology, and routine validation of data.
Data are collected by a research team contracted by the European Institute for Gender Equality. There is no burden on Member States.
Revisions to data are infrequent. Occasionally, for example, a response to a request to verify the information collected for a particular organisation is received after the data collection has closed and the results disseminated. If the information leads to a change in the data, then the update is made at the next available opportunity and at the latest within one month.
There is no fixed revision schedule. Any necessary revisions are made on an ad hoc basis.
After more up-to-date data received from contact persons, the following revisions were made:
The WMID data are a form of administrative data, being derived from the records that organisations keep regarding the personnel occupying key positions within the organisation. In all areas of decision-making, the data cover all organisations within the scope defined by the methodology. In some areas (e.g. national level politics) all relevant organisations/bodies are covered (e.g. parliaments and governments) whilst in others the methodology restricts coverage so that the data effectively represent a sample of all organisations within the broad type of organisation (e.g. data on decision-making in large companies are restricted to the nationally registered constituents of the main blue-chip index for the country).
Annually.
Direct collection of data from contact persons in relevant organisations.
See section on quality assurance.
Data collected from individual organisations are aggregated to the national level by position.
EU-27 figures are based on an aggregate of data at national level, with the percentages of men and women calculated from these aggregates. The shares of men and women observed at the EU level and for all countries are therefore weighted averages rather than an average of the shares at country level.
Figures for IPA beneficiaries are based on an aggregate of data at national level for the six candidate countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, and Türkiye) and one potential candidate (Kosovo).
Different aggregates can also be computed using the pre-defined table. For example, an “EU candidate countries” aggregate can be created by adding data for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, and Türkiye for the relevant position.
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